'this' parameter in virtual function calls

From:
Sousuke <s0suk3@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
microsoft.public.vc.language
Date:
Tue, 29 Dec 2009 22:36:25 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID:
<30f670e0-23f1-46dc-9b73-bf928ef54f2a@r24g2000yqd.googlegroups.com>
Hi VC++ compiler hackers,

I'd like to know how the compiler passes the 'this' parameter in
virtual function calls. To illustrate:

class Employee
{
public:
    Employee(const string& name);
    ~Employee();

    // Accessor
    const string& GetName() const;

    // Increases the salary of this employee by a given percent.
    // Since different kinds of employees have different salaries,
    // we leave this to be implemented for each kind of employee.
    // (Sorry, I couldn't think of a better real-world example use
    // of virtual functions :)
    virtual void IncreaseSalary(int percent) = 0;

private:
    // ...
};

// An example kind-of employee
class Manager : public Employee
{
public:
    Manager(const string& name);
    ~Manager();

    void IncreaseSalary(int percent);

private:
    // ...
};

void f(Employee& employee)
{
    printf("%s\n", employee.GetName().c_str());
    employee.IncreaseSalary(50);
}

My understanding is that, for the 'employee.GetName()' call, the
compiler has mangled Employee::GetName into an ordinary function name
(e.g., Employee__GetName), and the 'employee' object is passed as a
hidden argument as the 'this' paramenter.

But what's happening for the 'employee.IncreaseSalary(50)' call? What
exactly is being passed as the 'this' parameter? The only thing I can
imagine is that the 'employee' object must somehow be converted to an
object of a derived class (such as Manager). But how? The compiler
doesn't even know what's the subclass of this particular Employee,
does it?

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