Re: Alignment

From:
"Chris M. Thomasson" <no@spam.invalid>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Mon, 2 Mar 2009 07:13:12 -0800
Message-ID:
<RGSql.33651$Rg3.10885@newsfe17.iad>
"James Kanze" <james.kanze@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:891084b3-ce7d-4a9a-b893-14499e22a2bc@j35g2000yqh.googlegroups.com...
On Feb 27, 4:15 am, "Chris M. Thomasson" <n...@spam.invalid> wrote:

<better_cs_...@yahoo.com> wrote in message

news:eab8ea3f-5616-4fd8-b2b0-16f86fe0b7a8@q1g2000vbn.googlegroups.com...

Please consider the two definitions below:

Foo foo;
unsigned char foo[sizeof(Foo)];

Are these guaranteed to have the same alignment, or will the
second definition have an alignment that is only modulo 1?


You can attempt to calculate alignment of `Foo' objects like this:


Which isn't what he needs, but...

___________________________________________________________________
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>

struct Foo {
  char a;
  int b;
  double c;

  Foo(int b) {
    // [...];
  }
};

template<typename T>
size_t get_type_alignment() {
  struct aligner {
    char m_pad;
    T m_obj;
  };
  return offsetof(aligner, m_obj);


This is undefined behavior if T isn't a POD (and Foo isn't). It
won't compile with at least one compiler I use.


DOH!!! Yes, of course! My mistake. Thanks!

}


What about something like the following hack James?:
______________________________________________________________________
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <climits>
#include <new>

template<typename T, std::size_t CUSTOM_ALIGN = 0U>
class alignment {
  struct aligner_1 {
    T m_obj;
  };

  struct aligner_2 {
    char m_pad;
    aligner_1 m_obj;
  };

public:
  enum constant {
    ALIGN_SIZE = (! CUSTOM_ALIGN)
      ? sizeof(aligner_2) - sizeof(aligner_1)
      : CUSTOM_ALIGN,
    BUFFER_SIZE = sizeof(aligner_1) + (size_t)ALIGN_SIZE - 1U
  };

  static void* align_ptr(void* ptr) {
    return ALIGN_SIZE > 1
      ? (void*)((((size_t)ptr) + ((size_t)ALIGN_SIZE - 1U))
        & ~((size_t)ALIGN_SIZE - 1U))
      : ptr;
  }

private:
  typedef char sassert[
    ALIGN_SIZE > 0 &&
    BUFFER_SIZE > 0 &&
    ALIGN_SIZE <= INT_MAX &&
    BUFFER_SIZE <= INT_MAX &&
    ALIGN_SIZE > 1 ? ! ((size_t)ALIGN_SIZE % 2U) : 1 &&
    sizeof(std::size_t) == sizeof(void*) ? 1 : -1
  ];
};

struct Base {
  char x;
  virtual void foo() = 0;
};

struct Foo : Base {
  char a[5];
  int b[3];
  double c[2];

  Foo(int x) {
    // [...];
  }

  void foo() {

  }
};

int main() {
  std::printf(
    "alignment of Foo: %lu\n"
    "alignment of Foo*: %lu\n"
    "alignment of Foo&: %lu\n",
    (unsigned long)alignment<Foo>::ALIGN_SIZE,
    (unsigned long)alignment<Foo*>::ALIGN_SIZE,
    (unsigned long)alignment<Foo&>::ALIGN_SIZE
  );

  unsigned char foo_raw_buffer[
    alignment<Foo>::BUFFER_SIZE
  ];

  Foo* f = new (alignment<Foo>::align_ptr(foo_raw_buffer)) Foo(123);

  std::printf(
    "\nfoo_raw_buffer: %p\n"
    "foo_raw_buffer_size: %lu\n"
    "foo_align_buffer: %p\n",
    (void*)foo_raw_buffer,
    (unsigned long)alignment<Foo>::BUFFER_SIZE,
    (void*)f
  );

  f->~Foo();

  unsigned char page_raw_buffer[
    alignment<unsigned char[8192], 8192>::BUFFER_SIZE
  ];

  void* page_align_buffer =
    alignment<unsigned char[8192], 8192>::align_ptr(page_raw_buffer);

  std::printf(
    "\npage_raw_buffer: %p\n"
    "page_raw_buffer_size: %lu\n"
    "page_align_buffer: %p\n",
    (void*)page_raw_buffer,
    (unsigned long)alignment<unsigned char[8192], 8192>::BUFFER_SIZE,
    page_align_buffer
  );

  std::printf(
    "\nalignment of char: %lu\n"
    "alignment of short: %lu\n"
    "alignment of int: %lu\n"
    "alignment of long: %lu\n"
    "alignment of float: %lu\n"
    "alignment of double: %lu\n",
    (unsigned long)alignment<char>::ALIGN_SIZE,
    (unsigned long)alignment<short>::ALIGN_SIZE,
    (unsigned long)alignment<int>::ALIGN_SIZE,
    (unsigned long)alignment<long>::ALIGN_SIZE,
    (unsigned long)alignment<float>::ALIGN_SIZE,
    (unsigned long)alignment<double>::ALIGN_SIZE
  );

//--------------------------------------------------------------
  std::puts("\n\n\n____________________________________________"
            "____\npress <ENTER> to exit...");
  std::fflush(stdin);
  std::fflush(stdout);
  std::getchar();
  return 0;
}
______________________________________________________________________

Does that compile on all your compilers? Odd that the broken code which used
`offsetof' macro on non-POD type compiles file on Comeau without warning. Oh
well, shi% happens.

How can I improve this hack?

;^(...

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