Re: Problem with virtual destructor

From:
Jeff Schwab <jeff@schwabcenter.com>
Newsgroups:
alt.comp.lang.learn.c-c++,comp.lang.c++
Date:
Sat, 07 Mar 2009 08:07:45 -0500
Message-ID:
<a6qdndBOQZY87C_UnZ2dnUVZ_jKWnZ2d@giganews.com>
ZikO wrote:

What's wrong with this code?


You've instantiated a class that has no destructor.

Why can't I compile this?


You can. You just can't link it.

I have created a virtual destructor in one of my code in a base class to
be sure objects of all derived classes would be destroyed.


You declared a pure virtual destructor, but did not define it.

However, the
compiler says "no" with this comments:

C:\DOCUME~1\User\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccLAUiQR.o:test2.cpp:(.text$_ZN1BD2Ev[B::~B()]+0x17):
undefined reference to `A::~A()'
C:\DOCUME~1\User\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccLAUiQR.o:test2.cpp:(.text$_ZN1BD0Ev[B::~B()]+0x17):
undefined reference to `A::~A()'
C:\DOCUME~1\User\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccLAUiQR.o:test2.cpp:(.text$_ZN1BD1Ev[B::~B()]+0x17):
undefined reference to `A::~A()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status


Those errors are from ld, the linker.

This is a simple code which roughly represents the problem:

// code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A {
public:
    virtual ~A() = 0;


~A is pure virtual, so A can only be instantiated as a base object of
other class instances. If you just want it to be virtual, define it:

     virtual ~A() { }

Even if you really want ~A to be pure virtual, you can still define it
after the class definition:

};


     A::~A() { }

class B : public A {};
class C : public B {};
class D : public C {};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    D d;


D has a sub-object of type A. The run-time environment will call ~A,
but since ~A is undefined. The linker will report this.

    A &a = d;
    return 0;
}
// end of code

Without lines in main everything compiles successfully.

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