Re: Several base classes with identical virtual functions

From:
"Victor Bazarov" <v.Abazarov@comAcast.net>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Wed, 25 Apr 2007 10:06:10 -0400
Message-ID:
<f0nn8j$868$1@news.datemas.de>
Juha Nieminen wrote:

 It occurred to me while developing an application: What happens
if two (completely independent) base classes have the exact same
virtual function, and then a derived class is derived from both,
and this derived class implements that function? Will it work?


Sure.

Will it cause an error along the lines of "ambiguous function
definition" or whatever?


No, why would it?

 Well, I tried it, and it actually seemed to compile and work
just as expected. Apparently this *is* a standardized behavior?


Yep.

Does this have some kind of name in the standard?


Aside from "multiple inheritance" and "final overrider"?

Generally speaking, what you do here is implement the _required_
behaviour in the derived class. Both base classes mandate that their
member functions are overridden, so you override them. Both base
classes name their functions the same and provide the same interface
(argument types). It's questionable as a design choice but from the
language point of view there is nothing that would make it invalid.

To understand this from the OOD point of view you need to make it
a bit more real. I don't have a good example here, but imagine that
you have

    class Wolf {
        virtual std::string speak() const { return "howl!"; }
    };

    class Man {
        virtual std::string speak() const { return "hello!"; }
    };

    class Werewolf : public Man, public Wolf {
        std::string speak() const {
            if (fulllmoon)
                return Wolf::speak();
            else
                return Man::speak();
        }
    };

Here a 'Werewolf' actually implements the [non-required] behaviour
to "speak" but extends it involving 'fullmoon' condition.

#include <iostream>

class Base1
{
public:
   virtual void method(int i) = 0;
};

class Base2
{
public:
   virtual void method(int i) = 0;
};

class Derived: public Base1, public Base2
{
public:
   virtual void method(int i)
   {
       std::cout << i << std::endl;
   }
};

int main()
{
   Derived d;
   Base1& b1 = d;
   Base2& b2 = d;

   d.method(1);
   b1.method(2);
   b2.method(3);
}


V
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