Re: NVI idiom and patterns such as Decorator and Proxy

From:
 Greg Herlihy <greghe@pacbell.net>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Mon, 11 Jun 2007 08:08:16 -0700
Message-ID:
<1181574496.912411.42600@r19g2000prf.googlegroups.com>
On Jun 11, 6:17 am, Christian Hackl <h...@sbox.tugraz.at> wrote:

I've got a design question related to the combination of the NVI idiom
(non-virtual interfaces, [1]) and popular object-oriented patterns such
as Proxy or Decorator, i.e. those which have the basic idea of deriving
from a base class and delegating to an object of it at the same time.

My problem is that I cannot seem to combine those two techniques in a
flawless way. For a very simple, non real life example (for which I
shall omit smart pointers and std::strings :)), let's say I've got an
abstract base class Printer, from which ConcretePrinter is derived. I'd
express this in C++ as follows:

class Printer
{
//...
public:
   virtual ~Printer() {}
   void print(char *str);
private: // could also be protected; doesn't matter for my problem
   virtual void doPrint(char *str) = 0;

};

class ConcretePrinter : public Printer
{
//...
public:
   virtual ~ConcretePrinter() {}
private:
   virtual void doPrint(char *str);

};

The point is that Printer::print can do some parameter checking before
delegating to doPrint:

void Printer::print(char *str)
{
   if (str)
     doPrint(str);

}

The derived class then actually performs the operation:

void ConcretePrinter::doPrint(char *str) { cout << str << endl; }

So far, that's fine. But now let's say I want to use a Decorator to add
some extra output:

class PrinterDecorator : public Printer
{
public:
   virtual ~PrinterDecorator() {}
   PrinterDecorator(Printer *decorated_printer) :
     decorated_printer_(decorated_printer) {}
   //...
private:
   virtual void doPrint(char *str)
   {
     cout << "some decoration..." << endl;
     decorated_printer_->print(str); // <-- line that bugs me
     cout << "some decoration..." << endl;
   }
   Printer *decorated_printer_;

};

The print() call in this piece of code is what bugs me. I cannot call
decorated_printer_'s doPrint() because it is non-public in this context,
but calling print() means that all parameter checking performed in
Printer::print() is uselessly duplicated, and it would be duplicated
again for all further decorators or proxies I might add. After all, by
the time PrinterDecorator::doPrint() is called, all necessary checking
already took place in Printer::print(). It's like the derived class
telling the base class, "I know you already checked the data, but please
check it again anyway."

Granted, in this stupid example, it's just a pointer check, but think of
more expensive operations such as "do files exist", "can server be
accessed", or "lock for other threads". A program that duplicates such
operations "by design" doesn't strike me as very well designed.

How do I cope with this situation? Is it just an unfortunate fact of
life that NVI and Decorator/Proxy-like patterns don't mix? Or am I
missing something?


The solution is to declare PrinterDecorator a friend of the Printer
class. As a friend of the Printer class, PrinterDecorator's doPrint()
method will be able to call doPrint() on its wrapped Printer object:

    class Printer
    {
        friend class PrinterDecorator;
        ...
    };

    virtual void doPrint(char *str)
    {
      cout << "some decoration..." << endl;
      decorated_printer_->doPrint(str); // OK
      cout << "some decoration..." << endl;
    }

Furthermore, doPrint() should really be declared protected instead of
private - since a derived class may wish to call its base class'
version of doPrint() in the course of executing its own doPrint().
(Note that - even if doPrint() were declared protected instead of
private - the friend declaration would still be needed in order for
PrinterDecorator to be able to call its decorated_printer's doPrint()
method).

Greg

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