Re: How to return a reference, when I really need it

From:
Victor Bazarov <v.Abazarov@comAcast.net>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Fri, 31 Jul 2009 09:23:23 -0400
Message-ID:
<h4ur86$6h2$1@news.datemas.de>
BlackLight wrote:

I'm actually developing a tiny C++ library for managing linear algebra
operations, but I have a problem in managing the reference to an
object as return value. This is the method I wrote:

Vector Matrix::operator[] (size_t i) throw() {
        if (i >= rows)
                throw InvalidMatrixIndexException();

        vector<float> row;

        for (int j=0; j < cols; j++)
                row.push_back(matrix[i][j]);

        return Vector(row);
}

where Matrix is a class I wrote for matrices management, and Vector is
another class (fundamentally a wrapping around vector<float> I wrote
for doing cool mathematical tricks, like sums, scalar products, norms
etc.). This is the actual implementation, but I would like to return a
reference to the Vector object, i.e. Vector& Matrix::operator[] (...).


WHY??? 8-O

I need it to do tricks like

Matrix A;
A[0][0] = 1.0;

or something like that, and this is not possible returning the Vector
object as a value. But if I declare a local Vector object and I return
its reference, I've got a problem as returning the reference of a
local variable. Has any of you a solution for this?


Yes, it's called a proxy object. *Instead* of returning a Vector, you
return a RowProxy (a nested class of Matrix), which itself does not
contain data (like your Vector that wraps vector<float>) but keeps the
reference to the matrix with which it's associated and performs the
operations that you need (like indexing). Here is a sample
implementation (not tested):

class Matrix
{
     ...

     class RowProxy
     {
         Matrix& rmatrix;
         size_t row;
         friend class Matrix; // so it can create the proxy

         // note that the constructor is private
         RowProxy(Matrix& rm, size_t r) : rmatrix(rm), row(r) {}

     public:
         float& operator[](size_t j) {
             rmatrix.matrix[row][j];
         }

         // conversion to 'Vector' (only if you need one)
         operator Vector() const {
            // this is where you copy your stuff
            Vector v;
            for (...
            return v;
         }
     };

     friend class RowProxy; // so it can access 'matrix' member

     RowProxy operator[](size_t row) {
         return RowProxy(*this, row);
     }
};

Essentially, it's "lazy evaluation" of sorts.

V
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