Re: covariant return types with CRTP

From:
"Vladimir Marko" <swelef@post.sk>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
25 Aug 2006 20:46:12 -0400
Message-ID:
<1156546428.367739.327080@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
iwongu wrote:

template <class T, class U>
struct clonable : U
{
  T* clone() const { // (8)
    T const* d = static_cast<T const*>(this);
    return new T(*d);
  }
};

struct B
{
  virtual ~B() {}
  virtual B* clone() const = 0; // (17)
};

struct D : clonable<D, B>
{ // (21)
};

But this change does not help. The compile error message is,

: In instantiation of `clonable<D, B>':
:21: instantiated from here
:8: conflicting return type specified for `T* clonable<T, U>::clone()
   const [with T = D, U = B]'
:17: overriding `virtual B* B::clone() const'

I think that this should be treated as a covariance return type case
according to the 10.3.5 of the C++98.


Unfortunately, during the instantiation of clonable<D,B> the class D
is still an incomplete type, so the the compiler can't tell that the
return types are covariant.

There have been numerous discussions about this, just try to seach
clc++m. The best solution seems to be

template <typename Derived,typename Base>
class Clonable : Base{
public:
    Derived* clone() const{
        return static_cast<Derived*>(this->do_clone());
    }
private:
    virtual Clonable* do_clone() const{
        return new Derived(static_cast<const Derived&>(*this));
    }
};

class ClonableBase{
public:
    ClonableBase* clone() const{
        return do_clone();
    }
private:
    virtual ClonableBase* do_clone() const=0;
};

You get pretty much everything you need including
pseudo-covariant returns. This is, however, as good as it gets.

Extension to multiple inheritance is simply impossible, the
showstopper being a virtual function declared in two or more
base classes. The "MIClonable" template class must declare
such functions (we want to override do_clone in all bases, so
a single instantiation of MIClonable must inherit from all of
them) but it has no way of knowing their names.

Regards,
Vladimir Marko

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