Re: Visibility of Protected Functions

From:
IR <no_email@use.net.invalid>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
29 Nov 2006 18:21:45 -0500
Message-ID:
<Xns988ADE15AC65CZjx3HdoP0Qwt@194.177.96.26>
Michael K. O'Neill wrote:

Given this code:

class A
{
private:
   void Priv() {};
protected:
   void Pro() {};
};

class B : public A
{
public:
   void Understanding( A *otherA, B *otherB )
   {
     Priv();
     otherA->Priv();
     otherB->Priv();

     Pro();
     otherA->Pro();
     otherB->Pro();
   }
};

Then in B::Understanding(), I understand that in the first three
calls to Priv(), the function A::Priv() is inaccessible and will
be flagged as errors by the compiler.

In the calls to Pro(), I understand that the call to this->Pro()
is absolutely fine. I also understand that in otherA->Pro(),
A::Pro is not accessible through a "A" pointer or object.

But why is the call to otherB->Pro() OK? And what is the
rationale for it being OK (e.g., where is it useful)?


Every object of class B can access B's private and protected members
of any other object of class B.

This allows you to write:

class X
{
private: // or protected, doesn't matter
  int i;
public:
  X(int v = 33) : i(v) {}
  X(const X& o) : i(o.i) {} // we can copy i although it is private
  void dummy() { std::cout << i; }
};

Back to your example, A::Pro is visible to B objects because of the
inheritance. So each and every B object can access any other's
B::Pro member (even though it happens to be defined in A), simply
because it can access it's own B::Pro member.

IOW, private/protected "boundaries" are not enforced at object
(instance) level (how could they?), but at class level.

--
IR

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