Re: I wish c++ did interfaces better.

From:
James Kanze <james.kanze@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 7 Aug 2008 01:36:51 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID:
<2a6ca04c-75a1-4659-9261-df189628ccb2@56g2000hsm.googlegroups.com>
On Aug 7, 2:35 am, Stuart Golodetz
<sgolod...@NdOiSaPlA.pMiPpLeExA.ScEom> wrote:

Sorry to piggy-back on this thread, but it reminded me of a
related interfaces problem I had a while back actually (I
found a way to circumvent it, but it was a bit
unsatisfactory).

Suppose you're implementing an inheritance hierarchy of
Cartesian coordinate systems. You start off with interfaces:

ICoordSystem <-- IOrthogonalCoordSystem <-- IOrthonormalCoordSystem

You then want to implement each of these concretely:

ICoordSystem <-- CoordSystem
IOrthogonalCoordSystem <-- OrthogonalCoordSystem
IOrthonormalCoordSystem <-- OrthonormalCoordSystem

The only problem is, you want to reuse the logic in
CoordSystem etc., so you also have this:

CoordSystem <-- OrthogonalCoordSystem <-- OrthonormalCoordSystem

At this point, I started having fun with my compiler. It was a
while back now, so I can't quite remember what I tried any
more before giving up and doing it another way, but how should
I have done it please, out of interest?


This is a classical case; I've seen it both with interfaces (as
in your example), and with machine generated code instead of
your interfaces (the machine generated code provides a simple,
default implementation, which you can override). I call it a
"ladder hierarchy", although I don't think I've seen this term
elsewhere:

              ICoordSystem <--- CoordSystem
                      ^ ^
                      | |
                      | |
    IOrthogonalCoordSystem <--- OrthogonalCoordSystem
                      ^ ^
                      | |
                      | |
   IOrthonormalCoordSystem <--- OrthonormalCoordSystem

(Except that in one case I encountered, it extended some six or
seven layers deep.)

Basically, anytime a class has more than one arrow leading into
it, inheritance must be virtual; the simplest solution is just
to make all heritage of the interface virtual:

    class ICoordSystem { /* ... */ } ;
    class IOrthogonalCoordSystem
        : public virtual ICoordSystem { /* ... */ } ;
    class IOrthonormalCoordSystem
        : public virtual IOrthogonalCoordSystem { /* ... */ } ;
    class CoordSystem
        : public virtual ICoordSystem { /* ... */ } ;
    class OrthogonalCoordSystem
        : public virtual IOrthogonalCoordSystem
        : private CoordSystem { /* ... */ } ;
    class OrthonormalCoordSystem
        : public virtual IOrthonormalCoordSystem
        : private OrthogonalCoordSystem { /* ... */ } ;

(Note that the inheritance of the implementation is private.
This is usual as well, although not always necessary.)

--
James Kanze (GABI Software) email:james.kanze@gmail.com
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