Re: Downcasting base-class objects to a derived-class

From:
Rolf Magnus <ramagnus@t-online.de>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Sat, 06 Dec 2008 18:43:24 +0100
Message-ID:
<ghedjj$tsd$02$1@news.t-online.com>
vsk wrote:

In my AP Comp. class, we wrote a Symbolic Algebra program in Java that
is completely based on one interface: IExpression.
I want to port my Java code to C++, for experience, and I'm having a
few issues.

C++ doesn't (to my knowledge) have an equivalent of an Interface, so
I;


Well, it has abstract base classes, with are similar, but more flexible.

class IExpression {
public:
        IExpression() {};


No need for that constructor. If you don't supply it, the compiler will
automatically generate one that does exactly the same.

        virtual bool hasVar() ;
        virtual double eval(double);
        virtual string getStr();
        virtual string getSmart();
        virtual bool equals(IExpression&);
        virtual IExpression simplify();
        virtual IExpression derivative();


You're missing a virtual destructor here.

};

Once the "interface" or base-class was done, I wanted to implement it
with a simple class from my project: Number;

class Number : public virtual IExpression {


Why are you using virtual inheritance?

    private:
        double value;
        void init();
    public:
        Number(double);
        bool equals(Number &that);

        bool hasVar();
        double eval(double);
        string getStr();
        string getSmart();
        bool equals(IExpression&);
        IExpression simplify();
        IExpression derivative();
};

I wrote the implementation of Number's methods in the header, and I
wont bother posting (most of) them.
The one that's giving me hell is;

bool Number::equals(IExpression &that) {
    if (typeid(this) == typeid(that)) {
        return this->equals(reinterpret_cast<Number&> (that));


Never use reinterpret_cast unless you know exactly why. Here, it's the wrong
cast. You need a static_cast.

    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

bool Number::equals(Number &that) {
    return this->value == that.value;
}

C++ has given me arcane error messages, and I don't know what I'm
doing that's so horribly incorrect.


And the messages were just "error", with no hint on what the problem
might be?

I think it's a down-casting problem in equals(), but it's also telling
me that I have an "undefined reference to vtable".

How can I fix this?


My guess would be that you don't have an implementation for your base
class's member functions. But since it's supposed to resemble a Java
interface, you probably want to make them pure virtual.

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