Re: Undefined reference to...

From:
James Kanze <james.kanze@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 11 Nov 2010 10:38:50 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID:
<77b5e3c4-2ad5-4843-831a-bc88183842fd@o29g2000vbi.googlegroups.com>
On Nov 11, 5:22 pm, Leigh Johnston <le...@i42.co.uk> wrote:

On 11/11/2010 16:58, Andrea Crotti wrote:

Leigh Johnston<le...@i42.co.uk> writes:

On 11/11/2010 09:16, James Kanze wrote:

However, what you've just shown *is* the closest working
approximation of what he seems to be trying to do. Unless he
actually wants more than one instance---it's not really clear.
For more than one instance, he'd need a factory function, e.g.

      class Base
      {
      public:
          virtual void printOut() = 0;
          static std::auto_ptr<Base> getLower();
      };

      class Extended: public Base
      {
      public:
          void printOut() { cout<< "hello"; }
      };

      std::auto_ptr<Base> Base::getLower()
      {
          return std::auto_ptr<Base>( new Extended );
      }


This is UB as Base does not contain a virtual destructor.


Can't find anywhere what "UB" mean, but I guess something bad...
For understanding, why there should be a virtual destructor?

And in general, whenever inside the classes I'm creating I don't
allocate anything with "new", do I ever need a destructor?

Or you mean that the virtual must be present since otherwise one
subclass COULD have some memory leaks that could not be "closed" by the
auto_ptr??


"UB" means "undefined behaviour". If deleting via a base class pointer
(which is what std::auto_ptr will do in Mr Kanze's example) the base
class must have a virtual destructor.

Yes, a memory leak could occur if the derived class allocated an object
as its destructor would not be called is the base class destructor was
not virtual.


A memory leak could occur. Or the program could crash. Or it
could just seem to work. You said it right the first time: it's
undefined behavior. (FWIW, I've seen cases where it did crash.
And others where it just corrupted the free space arena, causing
a crash much later. Both involved multiple inheritance, but the
principle is there.)

--
James Kanze

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