Re: reinterpret cast and its affect on virtual functions

From:
SG <s.gesemann@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Fri, 13 Feb 2009 01:19:14 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID:
<0b227c55-b637-47e1-b3a3-0d7242950d39@x10g2000yqk.googlegroups.com>
On 13 Feb., 08:19, Christopher <cp...@austin.rr.com> wrote:

If I have an abstract class A, and class B derives from A,
implementing A's pure virtual methods. What is supposed to happen when
somewhere in the code I reinterpret_cast a void * to a A *, then call
one of the pure virtual methods?


Of course such casting should be avoided if possible. A
reinterpret_cast is the last (worst) resort, really. Here your
programm will still be syntactically correct if you use a static_cast.

However, the standard only guarantees that

  T* pointer;
  static_cast<T*>(static_cast<void*>(pointer)) == pointer

In your case you probably have a situation like this:

  B b; // 'b' is an A (public inheritance)
  A pa1 = &b;
  A pa2 = static_cast<A*>(static_cast<void*>(&b));

The question is: Is pa1==pa2 guaranteed?

I'm not 100% sure but I would say NO. The type "void*" simply doesn't
have enough information so the compiler can correctly adjust the
pointers if it has to.

B could be declared like this:

  class B : public X, public A {...};

A compiler might lay out B im memory so that all members of X are at
the beginning and all members of A are at the end. A pointer to B is
likely to point to the beginning B (to the members of X). By using a
pointer conversion B* to A* the pointer is internally adjusted
accordingly. A static_cast is able to reverse this successfully (as
opposed to a reinterpret_cast IIRC). But if you have a void* as
intermediate pointer (which will point to the object's beginning -- in
this case the members of X) and convert it to A* you'll get undefined
behaviour when dereferencing.

Try to use "A*" instead of "void*" or at least make sure that the
source and target pointer type is exactly the same in a pointer
conversion with void* being an intermediate. Of course the latter
approach is error-prone.

Cheers!
SG

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