Re: stroustrup, void*, and reinterpret_cast

From:
"James Hopkin" <tasjaevan@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
7 Sep 2006 09:53:19 -0400
Message-ID:
<1157621114.313036.75600@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Dilip wrote:

ISomeInterface* isi;
CoCreateInstance(......,...., reinterpret_cast<void**>(&isi));


I believe you need more than the Standard guarantees for this to work.
A more conformant way would be

  void* out_param;
  CoCreateInstance(......,...., &out_param);
  if (/* co-create succeeded */)
  {
    ISomeInterface* isi = static_cast<ISomeInterface*>(out_param);
    // code using isi here
  }

It also means you can't accidentally forget the & operator.

Internally a lot of hocus-pocus happens and the API ends up calling an
implementation of a standard IUnknown method called QueryInterface that
returns a pointer to ISomeInterface like so:

class SomeInterfaceImpl : public ISomeInterface
{
     void QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
     {
         *ppv = static_cast<ISomeInterface*>(this);

    reinterpret_cast<IUnknown*>(*ppv)->AddRef();
     }

     // remaining implementations elided for clarity
};


Don't all interfaces inherit IUnknown? If so, the reinterpret_cast
isn't needed at all (or a static_cast could be used just in case AddRef
has been hidden by ISomeInterface).

What I've said only addresses the casts used in a COM-like system. If I
remember correctly, to create real COM classes in C++, the compiler
needs to lay out the objects in a particular way. I've mostly seen
C-style casts in COM code; these work because of the extra requirements
COM places on the compiler's ABI. (You can create COM classes on other
compilers, but COM features won't map to C++ features. For example,
you'd have to create your own v-tables - that's how you write COM
classes in C).

James

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