Re: Help , why not return a true array?

From:
"Jim Langston" <tazmaster@rocketmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 5 Apr 2007 21:08:13 -0700
Message-ID:
<ZIjRh.6082$nu5.2877@newsfe02.lga>
"<John Wu>" <jo.mice@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:ev4glg$d03$1@news.cn99.com...

The output is:
1234
After getline: 1234
After renew: 1234
After retnp: ????????????????G
After getp: ????????????????G
-----What happen after renew/retnp call?-------
Why not return a true array?
-----The code is as followed-------------------
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

void print(char *,const char *);
void renew(char *);
void retnp(char *);
char* getp(char *);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *p = new char[5];
cin.getline(p,5);
print(p,"getline");
renew(p);
print(p,"renew");
retnp(p);


For explanation what is wrong with retnp see the comments in the function
down below. At this point p points to invalid memory (deleted memory, see
comments in retnp down below) which is why getp is failling.

print(p,"retnp");
char * p1;
p1 = getp(p);
print(p1,"getp");
return 0;
}
//print
void print(char *p,const char *st)
{
cout<<"After "<<st<<": "<<p<<endl;
}
//renew
void renew(char *p)
{
char *p1 = new char[strlen(p)+1];
strcpy(p1,p);
delete [] p;
p = new char[10];
strcpy(p,p1);
}

//retnp
void retnp(char *p)


p is a local char* that is passed to the function by value.

{
char *p1 = new char[strlen(p)+1];


You point p1 to some memory returned by new.

strcpy(p1,p);


You copy from the memory pointed in into your memory allocated with new.

delete [] p;


You delete the memory that p was pointing to. This is also the same memory
location that was passed in, so effects the memory that the passed in
variable contains (p in mainline).

p = p1;


You assign the *local* p the address of p1

p1 = NULL;


You assign toe p1 a NULL pointer

delete p1;


This has no effect on a null pointer.

}


You return, the local variable p is now destroyed. The memory allocated by
new is lost, you no longer have a ponter to it.

If you want to change the actual passed in pointer itself, rather than a
copy of the pointer, then you need to pass either a pointer to the pointer,
or a reference the pointer. A reference makes more sense.

Change the function to
 void retnp( char*& p )

and it should work as you expect, since it is a reference, changing this
reference to p is the same as changing the original p.

//getp
char* getp(char *p)
{
char *p1 = new char[strlen(p)+1];
strcpy(p1,p);

return p1;
}


Same with this one.

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