inconsistent behavior with user-defined new and delete

From:
jeffjohnson_alpha@yahoo.com
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
30 May 2007 05:15:21 -0700
Message-ID:
<1180527321.825388.135960@q75g2000hsh.googlegroups.com>
We all know that a new-expression,

    foo* a = new foo() ;

allocates memory for a single foo then calls foo::foo(). And we know
that

    void* p = ::operator new(sizeof(foo)) ;

allocates a sizeof(foo)-sized buffer but does NOT call foo::foo().
So only new-expressions both allocate and initialize. Fair enough.

Now suppose we wish to use a custom memory pool,

    my_pool pool ;
    foo* a = new(pool) foo() ;

This calls

    void* operator new( std::size_t size, my_pool & )
                        throw(std::bad_alloc) ;

and then calls foo::foo(). Naturally we also define

    void operator delete( void* data, my_pool & ) throw() ;

But how are we going to call our custom delete?

    my_pool pool ;
    foo* a = new(pool) foo() ;

    // compile error
    delete(pool) a ;

    // calls the default operator delete(), not our delete
    delete a ;

    // does not call foo::~foo()
    ::operator delete(a, pool) ;

    // is this the idiom, then?
    a->~foo() ;
    ::operator delete(a, pool) ;

There appears to be no such delete-expression to complement the
new-expression. Why the inconsistency? Surely this is an oversight
in the design of C++? In particular I expected "delete(pool) a" to
work.

To recap, we have a mechanism for default-allocate-then-construct
(no-argument new-expressions) and for destruct-then-default-deallocate
(no-argument delete-expressions). Furthermore, we have a mechanism
for custom-allocate-then-construct (custom new-expressions), but NOT
for destruct-then-custom-deallocate (no custom delete-expressions).

One workaround is to define operator new() and operator delete()
inside foo, but suppose I can't do that. Another workaround is to use

    template< typename pool_type, typename T >
    void custom_delete( pool_type & pool, T* p )
    {
        p->~T() ;
        pool.deallocate(p, sizeof(T)) ;
    }

but this just begs the question of why that should be necessary, i.e.,
why no delete-expressions, i.e. delete(pool) p.

Incidentally this begs a more general question: since a custom
operator new() defined outside of a class will not work with auto_ptr,
one wonders what is the point of such operator new()s. Surely someone
will eventually use auto_ptr with it by accident, wreaking havoc when
the wrong delete is called from auto_ptr::~auto_ptr(). This seems to
suggest that "delete p" should automagically call

    void operator delete( void* data, my_pool & ) throw() ;

however that is probably impossible to implement efficiently (relative
to current C++ implementations). Another option is for the auto_ptr
constructor to take an optional (de)allocator but that relies on
programmers remembering to do so, which doesn't solve the problem but
just moves it around.

#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>

class my_pool
{
} ;

void* operator new( std::size_t size, my_pool & )
throw(std::bad_alloc)
{
    std::cerr << "my_pool operator new" << std::endl ;
    return ::operator new(size) ;
}

void operator delete( void* data, my_pool & ) throw()
{
    std::cerr << "my_pool operator delete" << std::endl ;
    return ::operator delete(data) ;
}

struct foo
{
    foo()
    {
        std::cerr << "foo::foo()" << std::endl ;
    }

    ~foo()
    {
        std::cerr << "foo::~foo()" << std::endl ;
    }
} ;

int main()
{
    my_pool pool ;

    foo* a = new(pool) foo() ;

    // compile error
    //delete(pool) a ;

    // calls the default operator delete(), not ours
    //delete a ;

    // does not call foo::~foo()
    //::operator delete(a, pool) ;

    // is this the idiom, then?
    a->~foo() ;
    ::operator delete(a, pool) ;

    return 0 ;
}

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