Templates, Structs and Invalid Pointers - where did it go wrong

From:
DaveJ <davej2000@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 28 Aug 2008 01:35:13 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID:
<d6d4c0fd-8256-4d1d-ba68-30540301e9bc@r66g2000hsg.googlegroups.com>
Recently I was working on a project where I came across an issue where
the program cored and reported "free(): invalid pointer".
I found a resolution for this, but don't fully understand why the
issue occurred in the first place.

The project uses a simple template class that acts as a buffer.
Initially it has a fixed length, but it's append methods will extend
the size of the buffer if necessary.

Another class defines a struct, that contains this template class as a
member. In one function the struct is created, but when it goes out
of scope the program cores.

Examining the core it appears a call to free in the template classes
destructor caused the core. When I traced through the code with the
debugger I found that after the template class constructor exits, the
address that one of its member's points to changes.

Anyway I've included a cut down and simplified version of the code
below. I found the resolution was to modify the struct so that it
takes a reference to the template class.

------ VarBuf Class <VarBuf.h> ------
#ifndef __TVARBUF_H__
#define __TVARBUF_H__

#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

template<size_t N> class TVarBuf
{
public:
            TVarBuf (const char *initStr);
            ~TVarBuf ();
private:
    char m_Buf[N + 1];
    char* m_Str;
    size_t m_Capacity;
    size_t m_Length;
};
#endif

template<size_t N>
TVarBuf<N>::TVarBuf(const char *initStr) :
    m_Str(NULL),
    m_Capacity(N),
    m_Length(0)
{
    m_Str = m_Buf;
    m_Str[0] = '\0';
}

template<size_t N>
TVarBuf<N>::~TVarBuf()
{
    if(m_Str != m_Buf)
    {
        free(m_Str);
    }
}

---------------------------------

---- Main App <main.cpp> -----

1 #include "VarBuf.h"
2 #include "stdio.h"
3 #include "time.h"

4 typedef TVarBuf<6> ProfKey; // Create a typedef for our template
class

5 typedef struct
6 {
7 time_t m_CurrTime;
8 int m_Docs;
9 int m_OldDocs;
10 ProfKey m_OldestProfUrl; // this is the template class
11 } Prof;
12
13 int main(int argc, char** argv)
14 {
15 {
16 time_t now = time(NULL);
17 Prof profile = {now, 0, 0, NULL};
18 } // Application cores after it leaves here and the profile
object goes out of scope
19 return 0;
20 }

------------------------------------------

Compiling the above code with the following command
g++ -g -Wall -omain main.cpp

and running the main binary results in:
free(): invalid pointer 0xbfffd66c!

I modified the code slightly so that line 10 of main reads:
-----------------------------------------------
ProfKey& m_OldestProfUrl; //take a reference to ProfKey
-----------------------------------------------
and line 17 now reads
------------------------------------------------
ProfKey key(NULL);
Prof profile = {now, 0, 0, key}
------------------------------------------------

Any explanation of whats going on here would be good.

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