Re: Casting to a derived class

From:
Seungbeom Kim <musiphil@bawi.org>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:17:14 CST
Message-ID:
<h2e91o$ig4$1@news.stanford.edu>
PGK wrote:

Hi all,

Is it safe to cast from a base class pointer to a derived one? My
guess is that it's not, though may go unnoticed if the derived class
has no member variables. Even if the class does have member variables,
there's a chance any reference to it may occur at an otherwise unused
memory location.


You can cast a base* to a derived* if the base* actually points to
the base* subobject of a derived* object. For example:

     Derived d;
     Base* pb = &d;
     Derived* pd = static_cast<Derived*>(pb); // OK

It doesn't matter whether the class has member variables or not,
at least from the viewpoint of the standard.

On the other hand, when I compile the code below I get no warnings.
Surely if this is less than savoury, the compiler should tell?

struct base {
   int b;
};

struct der : public base {
   int d;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   der *pd = (der *)new base();
   pd->d = 123;

}


This is wrong, because there is no object of type der here actually.
The compiler cannot give a warning because the cast can be sometimes
valid and sometimes not, and the compiler cannot tell at compile-time
whether the cast is valid or not. For example:

     inline Derived* cast(Base* p) { return static_cast<Derived*>(p); }
     // OK or not?

     Base b;
     Derived d;
     Derived* pd = cast(std::rand() % 2 ? &b : &d);

--
Seungbeom Kim

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