strict-aliasing warning workaround

From:
andhow <andhow@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
Sun, 11 Apr 2010 23:22:44 CST
Message-ID:
<bb0d56f3-7067-494e-8372-a3f2682aeb39@w42g2000yqm.googlegroups.com>
The following piece of code, which I believe is correct w.r.t strict-
aliasing restrictions, generates a warning in gcc -O3 -Wall (tested
4.4.1 and trunk). This pattern is common, so it has to have come up
for other people, so my question is: are there any good ways to
achieve the same effect without getting the gcc warning?

The problematic pattern occurs in classes that want to do conditional
in-place construction, like Conditionally below:

void *operator new (unsigned, void *p) { return p; }

template <class T>
struct Conditionally {
     union {
         char bytes[sizeof(T)];
         int align;
     };
     bool b;
   public:
     Conditionally(bool b) : b(b) { if (b) new(bytes) T(); }
     T &asT() { return *reinterpret_cast<T *>(bytes); }
     ~Conditionally() { if (b) asT().~T(); }
};

struct A { int x; A() {} ~A() {} };

int main() {
     Conditionally<A> c(true);
}

g++ -O3 -Wall test.cpp

test.cpp: In member function ?T& Conditionally<T>::asT() [with T =
A]?:
test.cpp:13:31: instantiated from
?Conditionally<T>::~Conditionally() [with T = A]?
test.cpp:19:28: instantiated from here
test.cpp:12:51: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break
strict-aliasing rules

The analysis seems to miss the fact that the memory represented by
bytes is only ever being accessed as its effective type: T.

Although I'd prefer not to use a #pragma, I have had problems even
using #pragma: I've found that "#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-
Wstrict-aliasing" only works if set for the entire translation unit.
Specifically, to ignore the warning, the -Wstrict-aliasing has to be
set to 'ignored' by the last line of the translation unit, at which
point it applies globally to the entire tu. Or, that is what I have
been able to determine through experiment; perhaps someone understands
this better? In general, I like the warning; it finds real bugs, so
I'd like to keep it active and watching as much of the codebase as
possible.

Thanks for any help!

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