null assignment in a template

From:
"Steve Wolf" <stevewolf@cimexcorp.com>
Newsgroups:
microsoft.public.vc.stl
Date:
Thu, 24 May 2007 11:21:00 -0400
Message-ID:
<#FqhvchnHHA.1476@TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl>
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Please excuse me if there is a better place for this post. I could not =
find one in MS's communities. My question is about template programming =
in C++, not really about STL.

// Initialised supplies an initial value in the variable declaration =
itself
// NOTE: for non-scalar types (such as floating point types) this =
template won't compile
// due to the fact that it is illegal to declare a template with a =
non-scalar value
// Use Uninitialised instead, and declare the value in its explicit ctor
template <typename T, T * zero>
struct Initialised<T*, zero>
{
    Initialised() : m_value(zero) { }
    template <typename U> Initialised(const U* that) : m_value(that) { }
    template <typename U> T* & operator = (const U* that) { if =
(m_value != that) m_value = that; return *this; }

    T* & operator = (const int constant) { return m_value = =
constant; }

    operator T* & () { return m_value; }
    operator const T* & () const { return m_value; }
    T * m_value; // the plain old data
};

What I really want is to allow myself to declare a plain old pointer and =
guarantee that its initialized in the constructor or point of =
declaration, to make it much easier to avoid uninitialized variables =
issues.

The above appears to do exactly that.

The only fly in the ointment is that the following fails:

Initialised<Widget*, new Widget(1,2,3)> m_pWidget;
....blah - blah
....some code...
....later
m_pWidget = NULL;

Since this line evaluates to Initialised::operator = (int) { m_value =
= int; }

There is no conversion from int to Widget*!

Now, I can certainly do the obnoxious thing and cast int to Widget* in =
operator=(int), and then leave it up to the user to ensure that any =
int assignments are always the value NULL, but that's just sloppy and =
asking for trouble.

I can go back to my code that uses m_pWidget and force all =
null-assignments to be type-cast at the point of assignment:

m_pWidget = (Widget*)NULL;

Not the worst idea in the universe, but I have a lot of places where I'd =
like to replace the current variable / member declarations with =
Initialised<Type,zero> declarations, and I don't want to have to comb =
through many hundreds of lines of code to correct every NULL assignment.

What I Really Want(tm) is to be able to have m_pWidget = NULL evaluate =
to a valid expression, and m_pWidget = =
<any-other-integer-or-other-non-convertible-type> to error with "no =
conversion from <type> to Widget*".

I keep thinking that if I can make the operator = (x) partially =
specialized for operator = (NULL) I would be golden! However, =
everything I've tried leads to a compiler error. I need a type for NULL =
which is different from not-null and for the compiler to identify that =
such that the function called in m_pWidget = NULL is one function =
(that is legal), and m_pWidget = 5 results in an illegal assignment.

Any ideas / feedback would be *hugely* appreciated.

Steve Wolf

PS: Its Initialised instead of Initialized due to the fact that I =
already have an Initialized template for POD structs, and I wanted one =
for simple singular data types as well.
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<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; =
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<BODY bgColor=#ffffff background="">
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Please excuse me if there is a better =
place for
this post.&nbsp; I could not&nbsp;find one in MS's communities.&nbsp; My =

question is about template programming in C++, not really about
STL.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT color=#008000>// Initialised =
supplies an
initial value in the variable declaration itself<BR>// NOTE: for =
non-scalar
types (such as floating point types) this template won't compile<BR>// =
due to
the fact that it is illegal to declare a template with a non-scalar =
value<BR>//
Use Uninitialised instead, and declare the value in its explicit
ctor<BR></FONT><FONT color=#0000ff>template &lt;typename T, T *
zero&gt;<BR>struct Initialised&lt;T*, =
zero&gt;<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Initialised() : m_value(zero) { }<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; template =
&lt;typename
U&gt; Initialised(const U* that) : m_value(that) { =
}<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
template &lt;typename U&gt; T* &amp; operator = (const U* that) { if =
(m_value !=
that) m_value = that; return *this; }<BR></DIV></FONT></FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT =
color=#0000ff>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T* &amp;
operator = (const int constant) { return m_value = constant;
}<BR></FONT></DIV></FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
operator T* &amp;
() { return m_value; }<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; operator const T* &amp; () =
const {
return m_value; }<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T * m_value; <FONT =
color=#008000>// the
plain old data</FONT><BR>};</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>What I really want is to allow myself =
to declare a
plain old pointer and guarantee that its initialized in the constructor =
or point
of declaration, to make it much easier to avoid uninitialized variables
issues.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The above appears to do exactly =
that.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The only fly in the ointment is that =
the following
fails:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Initialised&lt;Widget*, new =
Widget(1,2,3)&gt;
m_pWidget;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>...blah - blah</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>...some code...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>...later</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#800000 size=2>m_pWidget = =
NULL;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Since this line evaluates to =
Initialised::operator
= (int) { m_value = int; }</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>There is no conversion from int to
Widget*!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Now, I can certainly do the obnoxious =
thing and
cast int to Widget* in operator=(int), and then leave it up to the =
user to
ensure that any int assignments are always the value NULL, but that's =
just
sloppy and asking for trouble.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I can go back to my code that uses =
m_pWidget and
force all null-assignments to be type-cast at the point of
assignment:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>m_pWidget = =
(Widget*)NULL;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Not the worst idea in the universe, but =
I have a
lot of places where I'd like to replace the current variable / member
declarations with Initialised&lt;Type,zero&gt; declarations, and I don't =
want to
have to comb through many hundreds of lines of code to correct every =
NULL
assignment.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>What I Really Want(tm) is to be able to =
have
m_pWidget = NULL evaluate to a valid expression, and m_pWidget =
&lt;any-other-integer-or-other-non-convertible-type&gt; to error with =
"no
conversion from &lt;type&gt; to Widget*".</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I keep thinking that if I can make the =
operator =
(x) partially specialized for operator = (NULL) I would be =
golden!&nbsp;
However, everything I've tried leads to a compiler error.&nbsp; I need a =
type
for NULL which is different from not-null and for the compiler to =
identify that
such that the function called in m_pWidget = NULL is one function =
(that is
legal), and m_pWidget = 5 results in an illegal =
assignment.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Any ideas / feedback would be *hugely*
appreciated.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Steve Wolf</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>PS: Its Initialised instead of =
Initialized due to
the fact that I already have an Initialized template for POD structs, =
and I
wanted one for simple singular data types as =
well.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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