Re: an intrusive smart pointer

From:
Lance Diduck <lancediduck@nyc.rr.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
Mon, 31 Dec 2007 00:50:51 CST
Message-ID:
<9dcd91ce-af4d-4de8-8a82-f683da804c7f@21g2000hsj.googlegroups.com>

A simple way to support this would be to initialize the refcount to zero
in T::T. However, when I attempted to do this, I found the following
issue. If you write:

T::T ()
{
  DoSomething (this);}

void
DoSomething (Ptr<T> p)
{}

The call to DoSomething is going to increment and decrement the refcount
to one and back to zero, hence, triggering a delete before the object is
fully constructed.

So, I really wonder if it is possible to support both the direct new
syntax and calls to DoSomething from within the constructor.

regards,
Mathieu

The trouble is that shared_ptr (intrusive or otherwise) really wants
to hold an instance of A, and until A's constructor completes, that
instance does not exist. So inside a ctor, there is no instance of A
to grab onto an put into a shared_ptr.
To illustrate the trouble, lets use enable_shared_from_this (which
semanically is equivalent to intrusive_ptr, in that it allows
reflexive references):

struct A:enable_shared_from_this<A>{
A(){
  DoSomething(shared_from_this());//oops, will delete before ctor
exits
}
static DoSomething(shared_ptr<A>);
};
which is the same problem. Placing it in a member doesnt work--
struct A:enable_shared_from_this<A>{
A(){
  m_member=shared_from_this(); //hmm now A will never get reclaimed
  DoSomething(m_member);
}
static DoSomething(shared_ptr<A> );
shared_ptr<A> m_member;
};

OK we can try to fix that problem using a static
struct A:enable_shared_from_this<A>{
A(){
  m_member=shared_from_this(); //at least previous A is reclaimed
  DoSomething(m_member);
}
static DoSomething(shared_ptr<A> );
static shared_ptr<A> m_member;
};
Now we have problems with the MT case. Plus, we also have this issue
struct A:enable_shared_from_this<A>{
A(){
  m_member=shared_from_this();
  DoSomething(m_member);//throws exception
}
static DoSomething(shared_ptr<A> ){throw 1;}
static shared_ptr<A> m_member;
};

Now, m_member is hanging on to invalid memory, since the exception
handling mechanism already deleted A, leaving a dangling pointer
inside of m_member, which is exactly what you are trying to avoid.

Hmmm how about this?

struct no_op{
void operator()(void*){}
};
struct A:enable_shared_from_this<A>{
A(){
   shared_ptr<A> m(this,no_op());
   DoSomething(m);
}
static DoSomething(shared_ptr<A> );
};

This is not a perfect solution, esp if DoSomething really needs to
hold a live A (for instance, it inserts an shared_ptr<A> into a vector
of live A instances). So that is not a general solution either.

So there are solutions depending on the behavior of DoSomething, but
nothing that works in general. In fact, the shared_ptr standard
requires that the ctor argument be a pointer to the complete type, and
I suppose that should also read the complete instance to a complete
type, i.e. not before it was fully constructed.
Lance

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