Re: Separate Template Definition I wrote class Data in header. The C++ Compiler compiled without errors. I decided to move all member functions into source code because they are for implementation. I do not like that they are placed in class body.

From:
Paul Bibbings <paul.bibbings@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 29 Jul 2010 18:54:14 +0100
Message-ID:
<87lj8ucgxl.fsf@gmail.com>
Immortal Nephi <Immortal_Nephi@hotmail.com> writes:

     I wrote class Data in header. The C++ Compiler compiled without
errors. I decided to move all member functions into source code
because they are for implementation. I do not like that they are
placed in class body.

    I got error message:

Linking...
Main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public:
__thiscall Data<unsigned char>::operator unsigned char(void)" (??B?
$Data@E@@QAEEXZ)
C:\Main.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals

    Could be problem with member function cast operator. All other
member functions complied without any problems.

// Data.h
#if !defined(DATA_H )
#define DATA_H

template< typename T >
class Data {
public:
    Data();
    ~Data();

    operator unsigned char ();

private:
    unsigned char x;
};

#endif // end macro !defined( DATA_H )

// Data.cpp

template< typename T >
Data< T >::Data() : x( 5 ) {}

template
Data< unsigned char >::Data();

template< typename T >
Data< T >::~Data() {}

template
Data< unsigned char >::~Data();

// Error unresolved linkage
template< typename T >
Data< T >::operator unsigned char () {
    return x;
}

template
Data< unsigned char >::operator unsigned char ();

// main.cpp

int main() {
    Data< unsigned char> data;
    unsigned char x = data;

    return 0;
}


Taking your code as is (adding only the relevant includes to Main.cpp
and Data.cpp), I can confirm the link failure with VC++ 2008 Express:

   d:\CPPProjects\CLCPP>cl /EHsc Main.cpp Data.cpp
   Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 15.00.30729.01
      for 80x86
   Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

   Main.cpp
   Data.cpp
   Generating Code...
   Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 9.00.30729.01
   Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

   /out:Main.exe
   Main.obj
   Data.obj
   Main.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public:
      __thiscall Data<unsigned char>::operator unsigned char(void)"
      (??B?$Data@E@@QAEEXZ) referenced in function _main
   Main.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals

   d:\CPPProjects\CLCPP>

However, the same code seems to compile fine using gcc-4.4.3:

   18:48:03 Paul Bibbings@JIJOU
   /cygdrive/d/CPPProjects/CLCPP $i686-pc-cygwin-g++-4.4.3 -static
      Main.cpp Data.cpp

   18:48:49 Paul Bibbings@JIJOU
   /cygdrive/d/CPPProjects/CLCPP $

so, there appears to be some difference of opinion between the two
compilers as to whether your code should work or not.

Regards

Paul Bibbings

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