Re: overloaded assignment operator and copy constructor.

From:
 terminator <farid.mehrabi@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Wed, 29 Aug 2007 09:13:06 -0700
Message-ID:
<1188403986.347952.128480@d55g2000hsg.googlegroups.com>
On Aug 25, 12:19 am, alexdem...@gmail.com wrote:

  MyType& operator=( MyType const& other )
  {
      MyType temporary( other ); // Copy construct into new instance.
      swap( other ); // Swap contents with new instance.


Sorry, I cannot understand what does it mean swap?

For example, while cannot we do:

MyType& operator=(MyType const& other)
{
  swap(other);
  return *this;

}

Please, can you describe (for example) such situation:

class MyClass
{
  int* pArray; /pointer to array, need allocation memory
  /...

}

what's copy constructor, operator= and swap?


The term 'swap' means exchanging the values of two objects.A general
solution for swappig two objects is the famuse triple assign method:

temp=other;
other=me;
me=temp;

but in some cases there exists a short cut and we do not need to pay
that much for the swap;In such cases a swap is normally performed much
faster and easier than an assignment ,and assignment is defined in
terms of swap rather than the vice versa.(pointeroids , string &
reference counting are best examples .):

struct my_string{
public:
      my_string():str(null),sz(0){};
      my_string(const char *const s){/* build from null-terminated c-
style string and literals*/
           sz=strlen(s);
           str=new char[sz];
           memcpy(str,s,sz);
     };
     my_string(my_string& s):str(new char[s.sz]),sz(s.sz)
{memcpy(str,s.str,sz);};

     bool swap(my_string& right){
          if (right==*this) return false;

        //swap str:
          char* temp=str;
          str=right.str;
          right.str=temp;

        //swap sz:
          sz^=right.sz;
          right.sz^=sz;
          sz^=right.sz;

          return true;
     };

     bool operator==(const my_string& right){
          if(sz!=right.sz) return false;
          return 0==memcmp(str,right.str,sz);
     };

     const my_string& operator=(my_string other){
          swap(other);
          return *this;
     };

     ~my_string(){delete[] str;};

private:
     char* str;
     size_t sz;
     ....//concate , find , cstr , size ... etc
};

this is not the best approach to design strings but it shares the
common swap/copy/assign method of dynamic memory management with
better solutions.If you defined swap in terms of assignment,allocation/
deallocation(new/delete) of memory would happen three times per
swap.But now swap needs no allocation/deallocation and as you can
see,assignment needs exert a deallocation in either case (destruction
of auto variable or explicit delete).

regards,
FM

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