initial value of reference to non-const must be an lvalue

From:
asm23 <asmwarrior@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Fri, 11 Jan 2008 09:28:57 +0800
Message-ID:
<fm6li8$7fm$1@news.cn99.com>
Hi,I need some help to clarify the warning "initial value of reference
to non-const must be an lvalue".

I'm searching in this groups to find someone has the same situation like
me. I found in the Post:
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/browse_thread/thread/e81cd9d9c2200d74/48c0774eeb3bd998?hl=en&lnk=gst&q=initial+value+of+reference+to+non-const#48c0774eeb3bd998

//*********************************************************************
// CODE
//*********************************************************************
#include <iostream.h>

class ostream; //Need for Overloading <<
class complex {
         double re, im; //Private members of class
public:
         complex() { re=0.0; im=0.0; } //Empty Constructor
         complex(double r, double i=0.0) //Constructor from 2 doubles
         { re=r; im=i; }
         friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, complex&);
         friend inline complex operator+(complex, complex);

};

inline complex operator+(complex a1, complex a2) //Add 2 complex numbers
{ return complex(a1.re+a2.re, a1.im+a2.im); }
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, complex& cnum) //Output a complex number
{ os << "(" << cnum.re << "," << cnum.im << ") "; return os; };

int main(void)
{ complex a(1,2), b(3,4); //Define complex numbers

   cout <<"a=" << a <<",b=" << b <<" a+b = " << a+b << endl; //Print sum

}

I also get the same warning in my compiler.
but I add some statement like:

//*********************************************************************
// CODE
//*********************************************************************

int a1=2;
int b1=3;
cout<<a1+b1;

this goes very well.

What's the difference between these two code? How can I get rid of these
warnings?

Thanks

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