Re: Question about declaring classes

From:
Ondra Holub <ondra.holub@post.cz>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 14 Feb 2008 03:17:28 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID:
<31ee7f17-52f4-42dd-a533-4ce5cb5e2fea@s37g2000prg.googlegroups.com>
On 14 =DAn, 11:17, Antonio Rivas <cha...@telefonica.net> wrote:

Hello again :)

Lately I find code that declares a class this way:

mainheader.h
------------
#include "myClass.h"

...

class myClass;

....

This declaration use to be in a header (mainheader.h in this case) that
calls another header in which that class is declared in a standard way,
i.e.:

myClass.h
---------
class myClass {

public:
     myClass();
     ~myClass();
...

}; // myClass

What I don't understand is the purpose of the second empty declaration
of myClass after call myClass.h where is declared for the first time.
What puzzles me most is that there's no safeguard #ifdef to prevent
multiple declarations of myClass and the only reason I see for such
absence is that is legal code that won't throw a multiple declaration
error and that has a reason to make it this way.
An enlightment in this matter will be welcome.


I do not know what could it be good for. I think it is nonsense.

The forward declaration of class is useful when such class is used
only be its pointers or references, so you can decrease header
dependencies:

// file my_class.hpp

#ifndef MYCLASS_HPP_INCLUDED
#define MYCLASS_HPP_INCLUDED

class MyClass
{
    // ...
};

#endif

// file other_class.hpp

#ifndef OTHER_CLASS_HPP_INCLUDED
#define OTHER_CLASS_HPP_INCLUDED

class MyClass;

class OtherClass
{
    // ...

    // No need to #include myclass.hpp for following line
    void Fn(MyClass& my_class);
};

#endif

// file other_class.cpp

#include "other_class.hpp"
#include "my_class.hpp"

void OtherClass::Fn(MyClass& my_class)
{
    // For following line we need to have included my_class.hpp
    my_class.method();
}

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