Re: Rationale of non-const reference to temporaries

From:
=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Daniel_Kr=FCgler?= <daniel.kruegler@googlemail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
Tue, 2 Dec 2008 16:26:40 CST
Message-ID:
<2266a205-f067-42e8-9d3f-45f7805cafeb@j38g2000yqa.googlegroups.com>
On 2 Dez., 16:33, "Martin T." <0xCDCDC...@gmx.at> wrote:

Daniel Kr?gler wrote:

On 1 Dez., 20:52, eca <enrico.ecam...@gmail.com> wrote:

(...)
What I know is that temporaries can be passed as const references
and that VC allows passing them as non-const references as an
extension to the standard.
What I don't know precisely is whether there is any potential risk
of error in doing as above.

Could you help me understand the rationale of the two approaches?


The reason why standard C++ decided the rules is to provide
a safety belt for you: Usually an object addressed per mutable
lvalue reference as above is supposed to modify this thingee
and that this changed state in this thingee can be evaluated
later. Now consider the following example, which was the
showstopper for allowing rvalues (like temporaries) to be
acceptable arguments for lvalue-references:

void inc(int& arg) { arg++; }

typedef long MyInt;

int main() {
  MyInt i = 0;
  inc(i);
  if (i == 1) {
     // Life-saving logic
  }
}

Should this program be well-formed? If yes, how do you
estimate the chances, that this kind of *error* - hidden
in some complex software, will be finally found and fixed?

What happens in my example is that i is converted into
a *temporary* of type int, which is the actual argument
of inc. So, the seemingly induced change i never happens,
because *only* the temporary itself is modified here!


I thought there is no implicit conversion from long -> int& :
error C2664: 'inc' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'long' to 'int &'

And this kind of code example was the reason, why C++
decided for the current rules in this regard.


How so, if it does not compile?


It does not compile, because the temporary (of type int)
cannot be bound to the lvalue-reference, just as todays'
rules are. The OP asked for the reason *why* the rules
are as they are and I provided the showstopper example
that killed an earlier attempt to *allow* binding of rvalues
to lvalue references.

The conversion long -> int happens before the binding
attempt takes places and *is* valid (and implicit). If
you have a recent rvalue-reference-capable compiler
(e.g. one of the newer gcc's), you will observe that my
example *will* compile, if you replace the definition
of inc to

void inc(int&& arg) { arg++; } // <- different argument type!

HTH & Greetings from Bremen,

Daniel Kr?gler

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