undefined reference to `std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >

From:
 "rethnor@gmail.com" <rethnor@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Mon, 05 Nov 2007 19:10:05 -0000
Message-ID:
<1194289805.801344.239100@o38g2000hse.googlegroups.com>
ok, I need some help here as I'm lost as to what is wrong. I've never
really used templates nor the std library before and I am trying to
learning on a quicksort sample. so to cut to the chase here is the
code I'm using, there are three files.

my compiler version is 4.2.1-dw2 (ming32-2)

Any direction would be helpful and apricated, thanks.

compiler error:
g++ -O2 -g -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -osrc\QuickSort.o ..\src
\QuickSort.cpp
g++ -O2 -g -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -osrc\boosttest.o ..\src
\boosttest.cpp
g++ -oboosttest.exe src\boosttest.o src\QuickSort.o -lboost_thread
src\boosttest.o: In function `main':
C:\dev\workspace\boosttest\Release/../src/boosttest.cpp:85: undefined
reference to `std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >
QuickSort<int>(std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

QuickSort.cpp:
#include "QuickSort.hpp"

template<class T>
T GetPivot(vector<T> data) {
    return data[(int)data.size()/2];
}

template<class T>
void Partition( vector<T> data,
                vector<T> &left,
                vector<T> &right) {

    T pivot = GetPivot<T>(data);

    for(int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
        if(data[i] < pivot)
            left.push_back(data[i]);
        else if(data[i] >= pivot)
            right.push_back(data[i]);
    }
}

template<class T>
vector<T> Join(vector<T> &left, vector<T> &right) {
    left.insert(left.end(), right.begin(), right.end());
    return left;
}

template<class T>
vector<T> QuickSort(vector<T> data) {
    if(data.size() <= 1)
        return data;
    vector<T> left;
    vector<T> right;

    Partition(data, left, right);
    left = QuickSort<T>(left);
    right = QuickSort<T>(right);

    return Join<T>(left, right);
}

void printHello() {
    std::cout << "Hello world!" << std::endl;
}

QuickSort.hpp:
#ifndef QUICKSORT_HPP_
#define QUICKSORT_HPP_

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

using std::vector;

// returns the pivot point
// Pre
template<typename T>
T GetPivot(vector<T> data);

// Partitions the values from data into two new vectors
template<typename T>
void Partition( vector<T> data,
                vector<T> &left,
                vector<T> &right);

// Concatenates the right vector onto the end of the left vector
template<typename T>
vector<T> Join(vector<T> &left, vector<T> &right);

// Entry Call to quicksort
template<typename T>
vector<T> QuickSort(vector<T> data);

#endif /*QUICKSORT_HPP_*/

boosttest.cpp:
// Boost includes
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/xtime.hpp>
#include <boost/random/linear_congruential.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int.hpp>
#include <boost/random/variate_generator.hpp>

// ODE includes
#include <ode/ode.h>

// STD includes
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

// UserDefined Includes
#include "QuickSort.hpp"

const int NSECONDS = 1;
const int USECONDS = 1000 * NSECONDS;
const int MSECONDS = 1000 * USECONDS;
const int SECONDS = 1000 * MSECONDS;
const int MINUTE = 60 * SECONDS;

const int NUM_THREADS = 10;

// This is a typedef for a random number generator.
// Try boost::mt19937 or boost::ecuyer1988 instead of
boost::minstd_rand
typedef boost::minstd_rand base_generator_type;

// container for the delay
std::vector<int> delays;

// mutex for accessing the delay vector
boost::mutex delay_mutex;

void sleep(int time) {
    boost::xtime xt;
    boost::xtime_get(&xt, boost::TIME_UTC);
    xt.sec += time;

    boost::thread::sleep(xt);
}

//"worker" function, this does all the sleeping, the lazy bastard!
void hello_world()
{
    int delay;
    {
        boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(delay_mutex);
        delay = delays.back();
        delays.pop_back();
        std::cout << "Good night world, I'm sleeping for "
            << delay << " seconds!!" << std::endl;
    }
    // perform the sleep outside of scope so it doesn't pause the
other threads
    sleep(delay);

    std::cout << "YAWN!!! I just woke up from sleeping for "
        << delay << " seconds." << std::endl;

}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    // Generate the random numbe generator
    base_generator_type generator(67u);
    //boost::mt19937 rng; // produces randomness out of
thin air
                                        // see pseudo-random number
generators
    boost::uniform_int<> ten(1,12); // distribution that maps to
1..10
                                        // see random number
distributions
                                        // glues randomness with
mapping
    boost::variate_generator<
        base_generator_type&,
        boost::uniform_int<> > delay_time(generator, ten);

    // populate the delay with 10 random number
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(delay_mutex);
        delays.push_back(delay_time());
    }

    delays = QuickSort<int>(delays);

    // start a new thread that calls the "hello_world" function
    boost::thread my_thread0(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread1(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread2(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread3(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread4(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread5(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread6(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread7(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread8(&hello_world);
    boost::thread my_thread9(&hello_world);

    my_thread0.join();
    my_thread1.join();
    my_thread2.join();
    my_thread3.join();
    my_thread4.join();
    my_thread5.join();
    my_thread6.join();
    my_thread7.join();
    my_thread8.join();
    my_thread9.join();

    return 0;
}

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