Re: Dynamic menu

From:
"Francesco S. Carta" <entuland@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Fri, 09 Jul 2010 17:08:28 +0200
Message-ID:
<4c373b6b$0$6835$5fc30a8@news.tiscali.it>
Here is the new version of my code, after having refined it following
the suggestions of ?? and Victor, and now I have an question about the
protected dtor.

Before of that question, here are the changes I made to the code:

- added the common data and functions to the MenuItem base class, which
now can't be created nor destroyed by the client code.
- protected all the classes derived from MenuItem - neither those
classes can be created nor destroyed by the client.
- changed the order of public / protected / private sections.
- moved out from the Menu class the implementation of the add_item() and
interact() functions.
- added some checks to avoid duplicate commands when adding new items.
- added the const specifier wherever I thought I could.

Now the code is more readable even for myself :-)

Since nobody questioned the overall structure, I suppose there is no way
to create something like this avoiding inheritance - and with "something
like this" I mean "a menu that accepts a pointer to function regardless
of the type of that function argument".

There is one thing that stopped me for a moment, and still stops me
about its understanding: if I omit to declare MenuItemContainer as a
friend of MenuItem, the compiler tells me I cannot delete a MenuItem*
from the MenuItemContainer dtor, because the dtor is protected.

Now, shouldn't a derived class be able to access the protected members
of its base class? What I'm missing?

Thanks again for your attention.

//-------
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <vector>
#include <list>

/* ==========================================================
     MenuItem base class - public interface
*/

class MenuItem {
public:
     virtual void execute() const {}
     std::string caption() const {
         return _caption;
     }
     std::string command() const {
         return _command;
     }
     MenuItem* parent() const {
         return _parent;
     }

protected:
     friend class MenuItemContainer;
     MenuItem(std::string caption,
              std::string command,
              MenuItem* parent) :
             _caption(caption),
             _command(command),
             _parent(parent) {}

     virtual ~MenuItem() {}

private:
     std::string _caption;
     std::string _command;
     MenuItem* _parent;
};

/* ==========================================================
     Protected classes to be used by Menu class
*/

class MenuItemContainer : protected MenuItem {
protected:
     friend class Menu;
     MenuItemContainer(std::string caption,
                       std::string command,
                       MenuItem* parent) :
             MenuItem(caption, command, parent) {}
     ~MenuItemContainer() {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < _items.size(); ++i) {
             delete _items[i];
         }
     }
     std::vector<MenuItem*> _items;
};

class MenuItemWithoutParam : protected MenuItem {
protected:
     friend class Menu;
     MenuItemWithoutParam(std::string caption,
                          std::string command,
                          MenuItem* parent,
                          void (*callback)()) :
             MenuItem(caption, command, parent),
             _callback(callback) {}
     void execute() const {
         if (_callback) {
             _callback();
         }
     }

private:
     void (*_callback)();
};

template<class T> class MenuItemWithParam : protected MenuItem {
protected:
     friend class Menu;
     MenuItemWithParam(std::string caption,
                       std::string command,
                       MenuItem* parent,
                       void (*callback)(T*),
                       T* param) :
             MenuItem(caption, command, parent),
             _callback(callback),
             _param(param) {}

     void execute() const {
         if (_callback && _param) {
             _callback(_param);
         }
     }

private:
     void (*_callback)(T*);
     T* _param;
};

/* ==========================================================
     Menu class definition
*/

class Menu {
public:
     struct DuplicateCommand {};
     Menu(std::istream& input,
          std::ostream& output) :
             _basecontainer("","",0),
             _input(input),
             _output(output) {}

     template<class T>
     MenuItem* add_item(std::string caption,
                        std::string command,
                        MenuItem* parent,
                        void (*callback)(T*),
                        T* param);

     MenuItem* add_item(std::string caption,
                        std::string command,
                        MenuItem* parent,
                        void (*callback)());

     MenuItem* add_item(std::string caption,
                        std::string command,
                        MenuItem* parent);

     void interact() const;

private:
     MenuItemContainer _basecontainer;
     std::istream& _input;
     std::ostream& _output;
};

/* ==========================================================
     Menu class members implementation
*/

template<class T>
MenuItem* Menu::add_item(std::string caption,
                          std::string command,
                          MenuItem* parent,
                          void (*callback)(T*),
                          T* param) {
     if (!parent || typeid(*parent) != typeid(MenuItemContainer)) {
         parent = &_basecontainer;
     }
     MenuItemContainer* cont = static_cast<MenuItemContainer*>(parent);
     if (command == "up" || command == "exit") throw DuplicateCommand();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cont->_items.size(); ++i) {
         if (command == cont->_items[i]->command()) {
             throw DuplicateCommand();
         }
     }
     MenuItem* item = new MenuItemWithParam<T>(
         caption,
         command,
         parent,
         callback,
         param);
     cont->_items.push_back(item);
     return item;
}

MenuItem* Menu::add_item(std::string caption,
                          std::string command,
                          MenuItem* parent,
                          void (*callback)()) {
     if (!parent || typeid(*parent) != typeid(MenuItemContainer)) {
         parent = &_basecontainer;
     }
     MenuItemContainer* cont = static_cast<MenuItemContainer*>(parent);
     if (command == "up" || command == "exit") throw DuplicateCommand();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cont->_items.size(); ++i) {
         if (command == cont->_items[i]->command()) {
             throw DuplicateCommand();
         }
     }
     MenuItem* item = new MenuItemWithoutParam(
         caption,
         command,
         parent,
         callback);
     cont->_items.push_back(item);
     return item;
}

MenuItem* Menu::add_item(std::string caption,
                          std::string command,
                          MenuItem* parent) {
     if (!parent || typeid(*parent) != typeid(MenuItemContainer)) {
         parent = &_basecontainer;
     }
     MenuItemContainer* cont = static_cast<MenuItemContainer*>(parent);
     if (command == "up" || command == "exit") throw DuplicateCommand();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cont->_items.size(); ++i) {
         if (command == cont->_items[i]->command()) {
             throw DuplicateCommand();
         }
     }
     MenuItem* item = new MenuItemContainer(
         caption,
         command,
         parent);
     cont->_items.push_back(item);
     return item;
}

void Menu::interact() const {
     std::string line;
     const MenuItemContainer* current = &_basecontainer;
     const MenuItem* selected;
     for (;;) {
         selected = 0;
         _output << "\n-------" << std::endl;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < current->_items.size(); ++i) {
             _output << "[" << current->_items[i]->command();
             _output << "] " << current->_items[i]->caption();
             _output << std::endl;
         }
         _output << "-" << std::endl;
         if (current->parent()) {
             _output << "[up] Upper menu" << std::endl;
         }
         _output << "[exit] Exit program" << std::endl;
         _output << "-" << std::endl;
         _output << "Insert command:" << std::endl << ">";
         getline(_input, line);
         if (line == "up" && current->parent()) {
             selected = current->parent();
         } else if (line == "exit") {
             return;
         } else {
             for (size_t i = 0; i < current->_items.size(); ++i) {
                 if (current->_items[i]->command() == line) {
                     selected = current->_items[i];
                     break;
                 }
             }
         }
         _output << std::endl;
         if (selected) {
             if (typeid(*selected) == typeid(MenuItemContainer)) {
                 current = static_cast<const MenuItemContainer*>
                           (selected);
             } else {
                 selected->execute();
             }
         } else {
             _output << "Unrecognized command" << std::endl;
         }
     }
}

/* ==========================================================
     Client section
*/

using namespace std;

Menu menu(cin, cout);

void increment(int* i) {
     if (i)
         ++*i;
}

void print(int* i) {
     if (i)
         cout << *i << endl;
}

void cite(string* str) {
     if (str)
         cout << *str << endl;
}

void addquote(MenuItem* parent) {
     static list<string> quotes;
     string caption;
     string command;
     string quote;
     cout << "Insert caption: " << endl;
     cout << ">";
     getline(cin, caption);
     cout << "Insert command: " << endl;
     cout << ">";
     getline(cin, command);
     cout << "Insert quote: " << endl;
     cout << ">";
     getline(cin, quote);
     if (caption != "" && command != "" && quote != "") {
         quotes.push_back(quote);
         try {
             menu.add_item(caption,
                           command,
                           parent,
                           cite,
                           &quotes.back());
         } catch (Menu::DuplicateCommand) {
             cout << "!!! Unable to create quote: ";
             cout << "duplicated command" << endl;
         }
     } else {
         cout << "!!! Unable to create quote, ";
         cout << "please retry filling in all fields" << endl;
     }
}

int main() {
     int i = 42;
     MenuItem* program = menu.add_item("Program", "p", 0);
     MenuItem* variable = menu.add_item("Variable", "v", program);
     MenuItem* quotes = menu.add_item("Quotes", "q", program);
     menu.add_item("Increment", "i", variable, increment, &i);
     menu.add_item("Print", "p", variable, print, &i);
     string hello = "Hello world!";
     string panic = "Don't panic!";
     menu.add_item("Add quote", "a", quotes, addquote, quotes);
     menu.add_item("Hello", "h", quotes, cite, &hello);
     menu.add_item("H2G2", "42", quotes, cite, &panic);
     menu.interact();
     return 0;
}
//-------

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