Re: return type of count in std::algorithm

From:
James Kanze <james.kanze@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 14 Feb 2008 01:16:09 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID:
<83088e5e-a63e-4704-8a49-511dde8d5c18@z17g2000hsg.googlegroups.com>
On Feb 13, 7:45 am, "subramanian10...@yahoo.com, India"
<subramanian10...@yahoo.com> wrote:

Consider the following piece of code:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
        vector<string> v;

        v.push_back("zero");
        v.push_back("one");
        v.push_back("two");
        v.push_back("three");
        v.push_back("test string");
        v.push_back("another string");

        iterator_traits< vector<string>::iterator >::difference_type c ==

                         count(v.begin(), v.end(), string("test string"));=

        cout << c << endl;

        int arr[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2 };

        ptrdiff_t i = count(arr, arr + (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0])), 2=

);

        cout << i << endl;

        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

In the above code, I had to use two different types for the return
type of std::count().


Not really.

Instead is there a common return type which I can use ?


The one you used. In the second case, you also could have used:

    iterator_traits< int* >::difference_type

instead of ptrdiff_t. In the first case, you could just as
easily have used ptrdiff_t.

In the standard containers, difference_type is defined as being
the difference_type of the allocator used. And difference_type
in the standard default allocator is defined as being a typedef
to ptrdiff_t.

Also the first return type
iterator_traits< vector<string>::iterator >::difference_type
is lengthy. Is there a shorter form ?


    ptrdiff_t.

In most code, ptrdiff_t is just fine, and is a lot more readable
than the complicated expression. (For that matter, in most
code, int is just fine. There are a lot of contexts where you
can be trivially sure that the total number of elements in the
sequence will never be more than INT_MAX.)

About the only time I'd use the longer forms is in generic code,
designed to work with any iterator or any container the user
passed in. Something like:

    template< typename FwdIter >
    typename std::iterator_traits< FwdIter >::difference_type
    ...

It only makes sense to go to this effort (and add this amount of
obfuscation) if 1) you're in a template, and 2) either the
template is designed to be part of a general library, to be used
in many different applications, some of which aren't even known
yet, or you're application actually does use non-standard
allocators.

--
James Kanze (GABI Software) email:james.kanze@gmail.com
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