Re: #include within namespace scope

From:
Victor Bazarov <v.Abazarov@comAcast.net>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Mon, 16 Feb 2009 11:08:31 -0500
Message-ID:
<gnc31u$2r5$1@news.datemas.de>
joecook@gmail.com wrote:

On Feb 16, 10:18 am, joec...@gmail.com wrote:

On Feb 16, 9:10 am, p...@informatimago.com (Pascal J. Bourguignon)
wrote:

joec...@gmail.com writes:

Is there anything that prevents putting #include directives inside
namespace scope within the standard?

Nothing, but you will declare the stuff defined in the header inside
this namespace.

Let's say I have a (evil) header:

Therefore you have:
    namespace evil
    {
    #include <vector>
    using namespace std; // bad doggy
    class Doo
    {
    public:
     vector<int> d;
    };
    }
    int main()
    {
      // Nothing
    }
That is, you are using a class evil::std::vector<int>
Where is the implementation of this class?
Notice that libg++ only defines methods such as std::vector<int>::clear,
not evil::std::vector<int>::clear.

I expected the preprocessor to expand the include header at the
location I have put it.
I further expected that the compiler should always refer to ::std::
instead of std::, and therefore 'std' will not get caught inside the
namespace where it is not intended. Somewhere that expectation is
being broken, and I'm still not sure exactly where..
Joe C- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -


To clarify,

 The standard states, "Whenever a name x defined in the standard
library is mentioned, the name x is assumed to be fully qualified
as ::std::x, unless explicitly described otherwise. For example, if
the Effects section for library function F is described as calling
library function G, the function ::std::G is meant."

  In this case, the compiler seems to be making the assumption that
include directives will always be at global scope, but I cannot find
any part of the standard that would back up such an assumption. That
is what I am searching for.


You cannot expect the compiler to *define* the namespace ::std *inside*
another namespace, it's just not allowed. If the headers only
*referred* to some elements, that would probably be OK, but since most
of the standard headers actually *define* classes (templates), you
should consider that every header contains a segment (so to speak) of
the ::std namespace:

    ------ header <vector>

    namespace std {
        template<class T, blahblah > class vector { blah ...
    }

    ----------------

At this point the language does not allow *suspension* of the namespace
processing and switching to another one. If it were, we could have written

    /// global namespace
    namespace firstlevel { class atfirstlevel; }

    namespace myown {
       // note the two colons on the line below - not currently legal
       namespace ::firstlevel { class onemoreatfirstlevel; }
       class inside_myown;
    } // namespace myown

Which should result in declaring class 'onemoreatfirstlevel' inside the
'::firstlevel' namespace. Since it doesn't exist, the declaration

      namespace firstlevel

inside 'myown' opens *another*, nested, namespace.

Double colons before the namespace name in a namespace declaration are
*not allowed*.

V
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