Re: Memory allocation of std::list

From:
"Bo Persson" <bop@gmb.dk>
Newsgroups:
microsoft.public.vc.stl
Date:
Mon, 27 Jul 2009 11:15:15 +0200
Message-ID:
<7d59goF2ack3uU1@mid.individual.net>
Victor wrote:

struct Item
{
  int *pPtr;
  std::list<int*> intList;
};

Item *pItem = new Item[1700000];

I expected the memory usage would be (sizeof(Item) * 1700000) +
(the head pointer of list * 1700000), ie. (28+12)*1700000 = ~64MB,
but the outcome is about 170MB. Would you tell me why is it so?


No, not really. Do you run in debug mode? Using _SECURE_STL to trace
the iterators?

The std::list implementation might also allocate a head node, which
also requires memory.

Also, an allocation of 12 bytes might actually become 16 bytes on some
systems - to reduce heap fragmentation.

I asked this question in the MSDN forums and someone answered me
"You should not only account for the array itself (28 x 1700000 =
47.6M) but also for the size of each constructed std::list object.
That's two nodes, 2 x 36 bytes in your case. That adds up to 47.6M
+ 2 x 36 x 1700000 = 170M."


Don't know how they came up with that.

But according to my understanding

list()
 : _Mybase(), _Myhead(_Buynode()), _Mysize(0)
 { // construct empty list
 }

The default contructor will only allocate memory for _Myhead using
"_Nodeptr _Pnode = this->_Alnod.allocate(1);" which allocates only
12 bytes (_Nodeptr size). Could you let me know which two nodes
will be allocated in the contructor of std::list?

Also, is there any method to reduce the memory usage of a std::list
or I need to write my own link list?


One obvious way of reducing memory usage is to NOT have a std::list of
int pointers. The overhead is pretty big, compared to the pointers
themselves. Would a std::vector or a std::deque do the job better?

Bo Persson

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