Re: boost::format vs. in-class 'static const int'

From:
=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Daniel_Kr=FCgler?= <daniel.kruegler@googlemail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
Tue, 24 Jan 2012 00:35:22 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID:
<jflp05$90b$1@dont-email.me>
On 2012-01-24 02:42, Jonathan Thornburg wrote:

[[...]]
| * if the class is actually a template, the definition needs to be
| replicated for each instantiation of the template

I don't know what you mean with "replicated", and I don't see a problem
here for you. It is the compiler who has to ignore the multiple
instantiations, not you.


I was thinking of the following slightly-more-elaboprate example,
where the in-class const int lives in a template class:

   #include<iostream>
   #include<complex>
   #include "boost/format.hpp"

   using std::cout;
   using boost::format;

   // identity function
   template<typename T> inline T I(T x) { return x; }

   // class template containing in-class 'static const int'
   template<typename fp>
   class foo
           {
   public:
           static const int N = 42;
           };

   // explicit instantiations of class template
   template class foo<double>;
   template class foo<long double>;
   template class foo< std::complex<double> >;

   // must provide an explicit definition of N for each instantiation
   template<> const int foo<double>::N;
   template<> const int foo<long double>::N;
   template<> const int foo< std::complex<double> >::N;


The usage of the explicit *specialization* (not a definition!) of N
without an initializer is the cause of your problem. This is so, because
as of 14.7.3 [temp.expl.spec] p15:

"An explicit specialization of a static data member of a template is a
definition if the declaration includes an initializer; otherwise, it is
a declaration."

Why don't you provide a single primary definition within the header:

template<typename fp>
class foo
{
public:
  static const int N = 42;
};

template<typename fp>
const int foo<fp>::N;

?

This was the situation I was referring to, expressing it as "It is the
compiler who has to ignore the multiple instantiations, not you."

Providing a template definition of the static member has the effect that
the compiler has to ensure that effectively only a single definition
exists in the program.

<addendum>
Some compilers don't get this right. In this case a workaround is to
move the initializer to the point of the definition (in the header):

template<typename fp>
class foo
{
public:
  static const int N;
};

template<typename fp>
const int foo<fp>::N = 42;
</addendum>

HTH & Greetings from Bremen,

Daniel Kr?gler

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