Modifying mutable data via const references.

From:
"jason.cipriani@gmail.com" <jason.cipriani@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Thu, 21 Feb 2008 01:11:12 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID:
<27cb48fe-e6e3-4f56-aae9-8c6e4034ed3a@41g2000hsc.googlegroups.com>
Hello,

Recently, in this newsgroup, I learned that if you bind an object to a
const reference, like this:

SomeObject a;
const SomeObject &ca = a;

And also like this:

void function (const SomeObject &ca);
SomeObject a;
function(a);

The compiler is completely free to create a copy of the object and
pass a reference to that copy instead, if it wants. I may be wrong
about this. However, if I'm not, does that mean that the following
code produces undefined results:

struct SomeObject {
  mutable int n;
};

void elsewhere (void) {
  SomeObject s;
  const SomeObject &c = s;
  c.n = 3; // <--- is it possible this doesn't change s.n?
}

void function (const SomeObject &s) {
  s.n = 3; // <--- same deal here.
}

Will modifying mutable members of objects through const references not
necessarily modify that member in the object you assigned the
reference to (since the compiler may have created a copy, and you are
modifying the copy instead)?

What about something like this (same definition of SomeObject as
above) (in general, I know I am leaving a lot out of this snippet):

std::set<SomeObject>::const_iterator ci = SomeObjects.find(SomeKey);
(*ci).n = 3;

Is it possible that that code would not change the 'n' member of the
object in the set?

I also learned recently that the compiler is free to create a copy of
an object when casting away it's const, such as when using
const_cast<> or a C-style cast. Does that mean that the following is
undefined (a contrived example, I know):

struct SomeObject {
  int n;
  void SetNTo3 (void) { n = 3; }
};

void function (const SomeObject &c) {
  (const_cast<SomeObject &>(c)).SetNTo3();
}

Is it possible that the const_cast will have caused a copy of 'c' to
be created, and so SetNTo3() applies to a different, temporary
instance?

Thanks,
Jason

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