Re: partial ordering of template functions & parameter specification

From:
"Maxim Yegorushkin" <maxim.yegorushkin@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
14 May 2006 14:28:10 -0700
Message-ID:
<1147642090.668173.92350@j55g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Marek Vondrak wrote:

Hello.

I have written the following program and am curious why it prints "1"
"2".
What are the exact effects of explicitly providing function template
parameters at the call? Is the second assign() function really a
specialization of the first assign() or is it an assign() overload?

Thank you.
-- Marek

-- cut --
#include <iostream>

class O { };
class M { };

template <class Left, class Right>
class Plus { };

template <class Left, class Right, class Op>
int assign( Left & left, const Right & right, const Op & op )
    {
    return 1;
    }

template <class Op>
int assign( M & left, const Plus<M, M> & right, const Op & op )
    {
    return 2;
    }

int main()
    {
    M m;

    std::cout << assign<M, Plus<M, M>, O>( m, Plus<M, M>(), O() ) <<
std::endl;
    std::cout << assign( m, Plus<M, M>(), O() ) << std::endl;
    }


assign function templates are disparate function templates. There is no
partial template specialization for functions.


Really? I think this was true in the prestandard era. Since C++98 there is a
partial specialization of functions and partional ordering rules.


I repeat. There is no *partial* specialization for function templates.

The first function
template has three template arguments and the second has one. Therefore
the second function template can not be used with three template
arguments specified as you do.


Although I see the rationale behind your explanation, please consider the
following program.

class O { };
class M { };

template <class Left, class Right>
class Plus { };

// AS1
template <class Left, class Right, class Op>
void assign( Left & left, const Right & right, const Op & op ) { } //
Primary template

// AS2
template <>
void assign( M & left, const Plus<M, M> & right, const O & op ) { } //
Explicit specialization of AS1

int main()
    {
    M m;

    assign<M, Plus<M, M>, O>( m, Plus<M, M>(), O() ); // Calls AS2
    }

Why does it call AS2? It occurs to me, that AS1 is treated as the primary
template and AS2 as its explicit specialization.


AS2 is a *full* function template specialization because it has no
template arguments.

In the same sense I would
then believe that in the original program the first assign is the primary
template and the second assign its partial specialization:


Your belief is premised on a false assumption that there exists partial
function template specialization.

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