Re: C++ as a target language

From:
"Alf P. Steinbach" <alfps@start.no>
Newsgroups:
comp.std.c++
Date:
Fri, 21 Jul 2006 01:59:45 CST
Message-ID:
<4ib517F2vv9lU1@individual.net>
* skaller:

On Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:52:31 +0000, Larry Evans wrote:

On 07/18/2006 12:54 PM, skaller wrote:

Another problem, the inability
of templates to handle type recursion properly, virtually
rules out any possibility of generating templated code.

Could you define proper type recursion and show why c++'s
method rules out generating templated code?


Sure: there is no way to do this in C++ at the moment:

    typedef list[T] = Empty | Cons of T * list[T];

This is Felix notation, similar to that used in ML languages.

In C you'd do this with some hackery like:

    struct list { T data; struct list *next; };

If you have a pair template, you want this in C++

    template<class T>
    typedef list<T> = pair<T, list<T>*>;

There is no way to do this in C++ at all.


I'm not sure what you mean, but sitting down at the keyboard and
implementing a little "functional-language-like" list (instead of just
using std::list ;-) ) based on std::pair, I found the following language
limitations:

   * no template typedef (is coming in C++0x, AFAIK)
   * verbiage (as I understand it, is also addressed)

More?

<code>
#include <utility> // std::pair
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> // boost::shared_ptr
namespace stdx = boost;

template< typename T >
struct List
{
     struct Node;
     typedef stdx::shared_ptr<Node> Instance;
     struct Node: std::pair< T, Instance >
     {
         typedef std::pair< T, Instance > Base;
         Node() {}
         Node( T v, Instance list ): Base( v, list ) {}
     };

     static Instance null()
     {
         static Instance theNull;
         return theNull;
     }
};

template< typename T >
typename List<T>::Instance cons( T const& v, typename List<T>::Instance
list )
{
     return List<T>::Instance( new typename List<T>::Node( v, list ) );
}

#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>

int main()
{
     typedef List<int> IntList;

     for( IntList::Instance list =
                 cons( 1, cons( 2, cons( 3, IntList::null() ) ) );
             list;
             list = list->second )
     {
         std::cout << list->first << std::endl;
     }
}
</code>

[snip]

You can of course construct a list:

    template<class T>
    struct list { T data; list<T> *next; };

The problem is you had to write it out by hand,
you couldn't use the template combinator 'pair',
because type recursion doesn't work.


See above.

But I wonder whether that will be possible with the proposed template
typedef for C++0x?

--
A: Because it messes up the order in which people normally read text.
Q: Why is it such a bad thing?
A: Top-posting.
Q: What is the most annoying thing on usenet and in e-mail?

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