Re: Defining member template specialization outside the class template declaration

From:
Barry <dhb2000@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
Sat, 13 Oct 2007 22:39:24 CST
Message-ID:
<feqjbg$ct8$1@news.cn99.com>
Christian Larsen wrote:

Hi,

How do I define a member template specialization outside the class
template declaration?

In the example code below the getData<ONE> works just fine (defined
inside the class template), but the definition of getData<TWO> outside
the class template does not compile. I guess the syntax is wrong, but I
tried different things to no avail, and I couldn't find anything on the
net.

I'm compiling using MSVC8 (SP1).

template <class T>
class Foo
{
public:
    enum Index { ONE = 1, TWO };

    template <Index index>
    T& getData();

    template <>
    T& getData<ONE>() { return data1; }

    template <>
    T& getData<TWO>();

private:
    T data1;
    T data2;
};

template <class T>
template <>
inline T& Foo<T>::getData<typename Foo<T>::TWO>()
{
    return data2;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    typedef Foo<int> IntFoo;

    IntFoo f;

    f.getData<IntFoo::ONE>() = 1;
    f.getData<IntFoo::TWO>() = 2;

    return 0;
}


<std>

14.7.3 Explicit specialization 14 Templates

17 A member or a member template may be nested within many enclosing
class templates. If the declaration of an explicit specialization for
such a member appears in namespace scope, the member declaration shall
be preceded by a template<> for each enclosing class template that is
explicitly specialized.

18 In an explicit specialization declaration for a member of a class
template or a member template that appears in namespace scope, the
member template and some of its enclosing class templates may remain
unspecialized, except that the declaration shall not explicitly
specialize a class member template if its enclosing class templates are
not explicitly specialized as well. In such explicit specialization
declaration, the keyword template followed by a template-parameter-list
shall be provided instead of the template<> preceding the explicit
specialization declaration of the member. The types of the
template-parameters in the template-parameter-list shall be the same as
those specified in the primary template definition. [Example:

template<class T1> class A {
     template<class T2> class B {
         template<class T3> void mf1(T3);
         void mf2();
     };
};

template<> template<class X>
class A<int>::B { };

template<> template<> template<class T>
void A<int>::B<double>::mf1(T t)
{ }

template<class Y> template<>
void A<Y>::B<double>::mf2()
{ } // ill-formed; B<double> is specialized but
     // its enclosing class template A is not

</std>

You can't specialize "getData" without specializing the the enclosing
class template "Foo";

So we can only have

template <>
template <class T>
....

but not

template <class T>
template <>
....

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