Re: Is this legal? assigning return value to a const ref?

From:
"Jim Langston" <tazmaster@rocketmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Wed, 31 Oct 2007 08:26:46 -0700
Message-ID:
<971Wi.41$ah6.8@newsfe06.lga>
"James Kanze" <james.kanze@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1193737109.281910.11190@k79g2000hse.googlegroups.com...
On Oct 29, 8:45 pm, flopbucket <flopbuc...@hotmail.com> wrote:

OP here, in bar() it should be a const reference:

std::string foo()
{
      std::string xyz = "FOO";
      return xyz;
}

void bar()
{
    const std::string& s = foo();
     // ... use s now
}


It's perfectly legal, but what's the point in using the const
reference (preferably written "std::string const&") rather than
a value?

==================

I tested this, and the output of the following program is indeed
One Two Unknown

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

std::string Foo( int Val )
{
    switch (Val)
    {
    case 1:
        return "One";
        break;
    case 2:
        return "Two";
        break;
    default:
        return "Unknown";
        break;
    }

}

int main()
{
    const std::string& One = Foo(1);
    const std::string& Two = Foo(2);
    const std::string& Three = Foo(3);

    std::cout << One << " " << Two << " " << Three << "\n";
}

My question is, what is the lifetime of the returned string? The lifetime
of the references? I understand that normally the lifetime of a temporary
variable returned by a function is the statement it is called on, yet the
std::strings returned by Foo is beyond this.

Where do things std::strings reside, in what variable? I had always thought
that a reference was just a glorified pointer, but this code seems to
indicate more than this. The compiler seems to treat the std::strings
returned by Foo as being owned by the variables One, Two and Three, even
though they are references.

Dang, I thought I actually was starting to understand C++ yet there is
always something that throws me a suprise.

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