Re: enums and modifiers

From:
Joshua Cranmer <Pidgeot18@verizon.invalid>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.java.programmer
Date:
Wed, 14 Nov 2007 22:14:21 GMT
Message-ID:
<1rK_i.3928$ET.2209@trndny03>
richnjones@gmail.com wrote:

I can put private/protected/public in front of it. At the moment I
consider it to have package access. This makes perfect sense


Only if it is internal to a class. Top-level source declarations can
only have a package-protected or public access level, same as classes,
interfaces, and annotations.

I can also add static in front of it. Enum is a class that extends
Object so that kind of makes sense.


Once again, only if internal to a class.

 > However I cannot add final in

front of it. Now I dont believe you can extends enums (why would you
want to) so having final might seem a little pointless but i do not
see why you cannot have it for completeness. (You can add final to
variables in Iiterfaces which are implicitly final)


enums != interfaces.
The short answer: enums have nuanced finality/abstractness qualifiers.
Specifically, an enum of the sort:
enum Foo {
    ONE {
        public boolean getVar() { return true; }
    }, TWO {
        public boolean getVar() { return false; }
    }

    public abstract boolean getVar();
}

is actually composed with three classes internally (Foo, Foo$ONE, and
Foo$TWO) of which the first one is abstract and the other two are not.
Since an enum can actually be abstract in some cases and final in
others, neither qualifier is valid. See the JLS for more information.

 > Also and more

confusingly when I put final in front of it then Eclipse says it is an
invalid modifier and that I can only have private/protected/public/
abstract/static. When I put abstract in front I get a compile error.


See above.

Is Eclipse wrong? Can you put an abstract in front of enums in some
cases? Is there any reason you cannot put final in front? (Assuming
you can use abstract then i can see why final isnt allowed). What use
would an abstract have?


No, Eclipse is not wrong; it follows the JLS precisely in this instance.

JLS 3 ?8.9 Enums:
Enum types (?8.9) must not be declared abstract; doing so will result in
a compile-time error. It is a compile-time error for an enum type E to
have an abstract method m as a member unless E has one or more enum
constants, and all of E's enum constants have class bodies that provide
concrete implementations of m. It is a compile-time error for the class
body of an enum constant to declare an abstract method.

An enum type is implicitly final unless it contains at least one enum
constant that has a class body. In any case, it is a compile-time error
to explicitly declare an enum type to be final.

Nested enum types are implicitly static. It is permissable to explicitly
declare a nested enum type to be static.

Those are the full rules for modifiers attached to enums.

--
Beware of bugs in the above code; I have only proved it correct, not
tried it. -- Donald E. Knuth

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