Re: Java type-casting -- Q1

From:
Daniel Pitts <newsgroup.spamfilter@virtualinfinity.net>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.java.programmer
Date:
Mon, 28 Sep 2009 10:04:54 -0700
Message-ID:
<j16wm.195164$8B7.96478@newsfe20.iad>
grz01 wrote:

On 25 Sep, 23:40, grz01 <gr...@spray.se> wrote:

    List<String> sList = new ArrayList<String>();
    List<Object> oList = (List<Object>)sList;

the last assignment give me an error:

    Cannot cast from List<String> to List<Object>


I discovered, however, that this works:

    List<String> sList = new ArrayList<String>();
    List<?> oList = sList;

What's the significant difference between the two?


Assume casting to List<Object> worked, here is what happens:
List<String> sList = new ArrayList<String>();
List<Object> oList = (List<Object>)oList;

oList.add(new Integer(3)); // compiles fine because oList takes Objects
String r = sList.get(0); // Compiles fine, but causes
                          //a ClassCastException.

Any good articles on these issues you can point me to?


In your second example:
    List<String> sList = new ArrayList<String>();
    sList.add("Hello");
    List<?> oList = sList;

    Object o = oList.get(); // Compiles fine, o = "Hello"
    oList.add(new Integer(3)); // Fails at compile time

One general rule that I've found is:
When you only read from a structure, declare it <? super Type>.
When you only write to a structure, declare it <? extends Type>.
When you read/write to a structure, declare it <Type>.

For example:
public void processNumbers(List<? extends Number> numberList);

public void createRandomIntegers(Collection<? super Integer> target);
public <T> void reverse(List<T> list);

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