Re: downcast to derived class in privately inherited base class te

From:
=?Utf-8?B?R2VvcmcgS3JpY2hlbA==?= <GeorgKrichel@discussions.microsoft.com>
Newsgroups:
microsoft.public.vc.language
Date:
Mon, 4 Dec 2006 05:55:00 -0800
Message-ID:
<8BF46B12-39F8-4760-BFDE-DA1D10ACD673@microsoft.com>
"Ulrich Eckhardt" wrote:

Georg Krichel wrote:

template< typename D >
class Base
{
public:
    virtual ~Base( ) { ; }
    void doFunc( )
    {
        D* dp = &dynamic_cast< D& >( *this ); // CRASH at runtime!
        // ... more code using "dp"
    }
};

class Derived : private Base< Derived >
{
    friend class Base< Derived >;
public:
    void doFunc( ) { Base< Derived >::doFunc( ); }
};

If Base<Derived> is inherited "public", it just works, if inherited
"protected", it will crash, too.


Yes, because Derived is not publicly convertible to Base<Derived>, it seems
the compiler ignores the friend declaration... If you want a definite
answer what is right, I'd ask in comp.lang.c++.moderated. FWIW, compiled
with the GCC 4.1 it shows the same behaviour at runtime.

But for other reasons I can't inherit "public" in the original
application's code, it must be a "private" inheritance.


Without knowing those reasons I obviously can't comment on that. The typical
reason to use the CRTP is to add something to a class' interface, so it is
non-typical to derive privately. I'd be interested to hear the background.

I want to use dynamic_cast to reference, because I want to have an
exception, if D is not derived from Base<D>.


Shouldn't that be handled like a programming error? In that case, I'd rather
use this code here:

  assert(typeid(*this) == typeid(D));

....and then use a simple static_cast<> to convert to the derived class.

Uli


OK, some more background:

In the application's code are two more classes:
First, there is a non-template base class, publicly inherited by Base<D>,
let's name it BaseBase, so Base<D> looks like this:

class BaseBase { /* a very rich public interface */ };

template< typename D >
class Base : public BaseBase
....

Private inheritance in Derived is used to reduce the public interface
inherited from BaseBase by doing something like this:

class Derived : private Base< Derived >
{
public:
    using BaseBase::aFunction;
    using BaseBase::anotherFunction;
    using Base<Derived>::someMoreFunction;
    // ...
};

So, Derived has only a reduced set of functions inherited from BaseBase and
Base<Derived>. Remeber, it's just an implementation inheritance to omit
writing a lot of stub-functions.

Second, Derived is not the last member in the inheritance chain, there is
one more, let's name it MoreDerived:

class MoreDerived : public Derived
{
    // ...
};

Because of this derivation, Uli, your proposed assert will always fail:
"typeid(*this)" results to "MoreDerived", not to "Derived".

This implementation pattern is widely use in our application, which I have
to migrate from VS2003 to VS2005 (after I migrated it already from VS6.0 to
VS.NET (VS2002) and later to VS2003).
I referenced to the C++ Standard and to VS2005 C++ Breaking Changes and
found, that throwing an exception in VS2005 is correct. Microsoft has changed
runtime checking behavior to follow the C++ Standard. In down-casts using
dynamic_cast, the pointer or reference to be casted MUST be of a PUBLIC base
class!

Fine, but I have to migrate the old wrong code :-((

Georg

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