Removing recursion

From:
"Mumia W." <paduille.4061.mumia.w+nospam@earthlink.net>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++,alt.comp.lang.learn.c-c++
Date:
Fri, 13 Apr 2007 08:30:17 GMT
Message-ID:
<tcHTh.22126$tD2.530@newsread1.news.pas.earthlink.net>
Hello all.

I have a C++ program that can count the YOYOs that are in a grid of
Y's and O's. For example, this

     Y O Y O O Y
     O Y O Y O O
     Y O Y Y O Y
     O Y O O Y O
     O Y Y O Y O

should have 406 YOYO's in it. YOYO's an go up, down, right and left with
bends and diagonals.

My program works great, but it uses recursion, and I want to work
iteratively.

Here is the program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

const int max_points = 10;
extern int maxy, maxx;

struct Point {
     int y;
     int x;
     Point () { y = x = 0; }
     Point (int ey, int ex) { y = ey; x = ex; }
     void set (int ey, int ex) { y = ey; x = ex; }
     bool inbounds() {
         if (y < 0 || y >= maxy) { return false; }
         if (x < 0 || x >= maxx) { return false; }
         return true;
     }
     char * as_string() {
         char * temp = new char [10];
         sprintf(temp, "(%d,%d)", y, x);
         return temp;
     }
     void print() { printf("%s ", as_string()); }
};

struct Pointgrp {
     int len;
     Point points [max_points];
     void print () {
         for (int pos = 0; pos < len; ++pos) {
             points[pos].print();
         }
         puts("");
     }
};

struct Seen {
     char data [1000];
     Seen() { clear(); }
     void clear() { memset(data,0,sizeof(data)); }
     char & pos(int y, int x) {
         return data[(y * maxx) + x];
     }
     void init(const Pointgrp & pts) {
         for (int pix = 0; pix < pts.len; ++pix) {
             const Point & mypt = pts.points[pix];
             pos(mypt.y, mypt.x) = 1;
         }
     }
     char & posPoint(const Point & pt) {
         pos(pt.y, pt.x);
     }
};

char * yoyo1 [] = {
     " YOY ",
     " YOYOO ",
     "OYYOYYO",
     " OYYYO ",
     " YOY ",
     "",
};

char * yoyo2 [] = {
     "YO",
     "OY",
     "",
};

char * yoyo3 [] = {
     "YOYOOY",
     "OYOYOO",
     "YOYYOY",
     "OYOOYO",
     "OYYOYO",
     "",
};

char ** grid = yoyo1;
int maxx = 7;
int maxy = 5;

const char * search_for = "YOYO";
int search_len = 4;
int wordcount = 0;

// ------------------------------------------

char & atgrid (int y, int x) {
     return grid[y][x];
}

char * collect_points (const Pointgrp & pts) {
     char * temp = new char [15];
     *temp = 0;
     for (int pix = 0; pix < pts.len; ++pix) {
         char part [3] = "*";
         const Point & mypt = pts.points[pix];
         part[0] = atgrid(mypt.y, mypt.x);
         strcat(temp, part);
     }
     return temp;
}

void run_partial (Pointgrp group) {
     Pointgrp newgrp = group;
     if (group.len >= 4) {
         char * str = collect_points(group);
         bool dbgf = false;

         if (0 == memcmp(str,search_for,search_len)) {
             // dbgf = true;
             wordcount++;
         }

         if (dbgf) {
             puts("Points:");
             newgrp.print();
             puts(str);
         }
         delete[] str;
         return;
     }

     Seen * seenobj = new Seen;
     seenobj->init(newgrp);

     Point & lastpt = group.points[group.len-1];
     Point & newpt = newgrp.points[group.len];
     newgrp.len++;

     for (int yi = -1; yi < 2; ++yi) {
         for (int xi = -1; xi < 2; ++xi) {
             if (0 == yi && 0 == xi) { continue; }
             // printf("(%d,%d) ", yi, xi);
             newpt.set(lastpt.y + yi, lastpt.x + xi);
             if (! newpt.inbounds()) { continue; }
             if (seenobj->posPoint(newpt)) { continue; }
             run_partial(newgrp);
         }
         // puts("");
     }

     delete seenobj;
}

void run (int y, int x) {
     Point pt(y,x);
     Pointgrp grp;

     grp.len = 1;
     grp.points[0] = pt;
     run_partial(grp);
}

void load_game (int num) {
     static char ** games [] = { yoyo1, yoyo2, yoyo3 };
     int ndx;
     grid = games[num-1];

     maxx = 0;
     for (ndx = 0; grid[ndx][0]; ++ndx) {
         int len = strlen(grid[ndx]);
         if (len > maxx) { maxx = len; }
     }
     maxy = ndx;
}

// ------------------------------------------

int main (void)
{
     load_game(3);

     for (int row = 0; row < maxy; ++row) {
         for (int col = 0; col < maxx; ++col) {
             run(row, col);
         }
     }
     printf("Wordcount = %d\n", wordcount);
     return 0;
}

----------------------end---------------

I used recursion because that was the only way I could envision a
solution, but now I want to remove the recursion because I need the
operations to be done in the event-loop of a Perl-Tk program :-)

I've already written this program in Perl-Tk, but the recursion that
occurs when the program is counting YOYOs conflicts with having a
responsive GUI interface. IOW, the program freezes at times.

The C++ program does essentially the same thing as the Perl-Tk program
but without the GUI. I created the C++ program to get rid of extraneous
stuff that doesn't relate to my core problem--the need to get rid of
recursion.

I know that there /has/ to be an iterative solution for this
problem--probably involving a stack, but I can't begin to coalesce any
ideas. Can someone help me remove the recursion from this program?

--
Count the YOYOs:
http://home.earthlink.net/~mumia.w.18.spam/games_fever/

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