Re: Virtual constructor?

From:
"kanze" <kanze@gabi-soft.fr>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
6 Jun 2006 09:39:50 -0400
Message-ID:
<1149582384.956614.58050@i39g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
ThosRTanner wrote:

Gene Bushuyev wrote:

"Azumanga" <4zumanga@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1149031273.468412.11660@v35g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...

Imagine I have the following code:

struct A { .. };
struct B : public A { .. };
struct C : public A { .. };

[...]

A* copy_object(A* obj)
{
 if(B* b_obj = dynamic_cast<B*>(obj))
 { return new B(*b_obj); }


This code is an absolute anathema to object-oriented
programming. Each code that relies on switching on types is
not only error-prone, it breaks the foundational open-close
design principle. Your function must know about every
possible derivative of A, changing every time whenever the
classes are changed or new classes added.

or:

struct A
{ virtual A* clone() { return new A(*this);} ... };

struct B : public A
{ virtual B* clone() { return new B(*this);} ... };


This is a typical way of cloning objects (except it should
be const,) which is sometimes called "virtual constructor."
There is nothing error-prone about it, the only
inconvenience is typing virtually the same code in every
class.


Isn't this one of those places where you use the Curiously
Recurring Template pattern

template <class C> cloneable { virtual C* clone() return new C(*this) }

and then do
struct B : public A, cloneable<B> { .... }


One can, although it would more likely be something like:

     template< typename Derived, typename Base >
     class Clonable : public base
     {
         virtual Base* clone() const
         {
             return new Derived( *dynamic_cast< Derived const* >( this )
) ;
         }
     } ;

     class B : public Clonable< B, A > ...

Otherwise, the function clone in the template won't override the
function clone in the base class.

Personally, I'm not sure its worth it for just the one function;
if several functions are involved, or the function is more
complex, however, it is certainly worth considering.

Another frequent variation is to implement verifications in the
base class, i.e.:

     class Base
     {
     public:
         /* NOT virtual */ Base* clone() const
         {
             Base* result = doClone() ;
             assert( typeid( *result ) == typeid( *this ) ) ;
             return result ;
         }

     private:
         virtual Base* doClone() const = 0 ;
     } ;

This way, if anyone forgets to override doClone, you find out
about it immediately. (If doClone is pure virtual, an
immediately derived class cannot forget. But if the hierarchy
has a certain depth, it could conceivably happen.)

--
James Kanze GABI Software
Conseils en informatique orient?e objet/
                    Beratung in objektorientierter Datenverarbeitung
9 place S?mard, 78210 St.-Cyr-l'?cole, France, +33 (0)1 30 23 00 34

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