Binding temporaries to const references

From:
Jens Auer <jens.muaddib@googlemail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++.moderated
Date:
Thu, 14 Jan 2010 13:32:39 CST
Message-ID:
<f6dda14e-9bee-4e94-b2fa-2287413db100@g25g2000yqd.googlegroups.com>
Hi,

I was playing around with const references and temporary objects to
make sure that I understood section 12.2. of the standard correctly.
My sample program has three cases A,B and C which bind a temporary
object to a const reference:

#include <iostream>

struct A
{
    A(int i):
       mInt(i)
    {

    }

    ~A()
    {
     std::cerr << "~A()" << std::endl;
    }

    int mInt;

private:
    A(A const& other);
    A& operator=(A const& other);

};

struct RefHolder
{
     RefHolder():
         mReference(A(1)) // A iso c++ 12.2.4
     {
         std::cerr << "RefHolder()" << std::endl;
     }

    RefHolder(A const& ref):
       mReference(ref) // B iso c++ 12.2.4
    {
         std::cerr << "RefHolder(A const&)" << std::endl;
    }

    ~RefHolder()
    {

    }

    A const& mReference;
};

int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    {
     A const& ref(A(2)); // C iso c++ 12.2.5
     std::cerr << ref.mInt << std::endl;
    }

    {
       RefHolder r;
       int i = r.mReference.mInt;
       std::cerr << i << std::endl;
    }

    {
       RefHolder r(A(3));
       std::cerr << r.mReference.mInt << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Compiled with gcc 4.4.1, this gives the following output (I know that
the object are destructed and that this undefined for the last two
cases):
2
~A()
~A()
RefHolder()
1
RefHolder(A const&)
~A()
3

Ok, reading the standard, the first output is produced because of the
assignment marked with C. The other two seem to be justified by
12.2.4:
"...when an expression appears as an initializer for a declarator
defining an
object. In that context, the temporary that holds the result of the
expression shall persist until the object?s
initialization is complete.". What I don't get is why the temporary in
the initialization of case A has to be deleted so early and is not
bound to the member reference mReference. Wouldn't it be reasonable to
have the same behaviour as in case C?

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