Re: elementary string processing question

From:
James Kanze <james.kanze@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
Sat, 1 Nov 2008 02:28:53 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID:
<71f45f38-0aac-4ac5-ace2-0933a565d572@u29g2000pro.googlegroups.com>
On Nov 1, 4:28 am, tonywh00t <tony.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

I have a "simple" question, especially for people familiar
with regex. I need to parse strings that have the form:

1:3::5:9

which indicates the set of integers {1 3 4 5 9}. In other
words i have a set of numbers separated by ":", where "::"
indicates a range from lo to hi inclusive. It is desirable to
error check this string (i.e it should. start and end with a
number, and be composed only numbers, "::", and ":"). I'm
currently using the Boost C++ library, and i've worked out
some pretty ugly solutions. If anyone has a suggestion, I'd
very much appreciate it. Thanks!


I presume that the number of entries in the string may vary;
otherwise, of course, you said it yourself, regex. I'd still
use regex to validate the string, something like
"^\\d+(:\\d+|::\\d+)*$", I think would do the trick. (It would
be really elegant if you could use capture, but capture doesn't
work well within closures---only the last match is captured.)
Then I'd simply break the string up into substrings at each ':':

    std::vector< std::string >
    parse( std::string const& source )
    {
        typedef std::string::const_iterator
                            TextIter ;
        std::vector< std::string >
                            result ;
        TextIter current = source.begin() ;
        TextIter const end = source.end() ;
        while ( current != end ) {
            TextIter fieldBegin = current ;
            current = std::find( current, end, ':' ) ;
            result.push_back( std::string( fieldBegin, current ) ) ;
            if ( current != end ) {
                ++ current ;
            }
        }
        return result ;
    }

This gives you an array of strings, with an emtpy string between
:: (so when you see an empty string, you know you have a range).
So you could do something like:

    int
    toInt( std::string const& string )
    {
        std::istringstream cvt( string ) ;
        int result ;
        cvt >> result ;
        return result ;
    }

    std::vector< int >
    convert( std::vector< std::string const& source )
    {
        typedef std::vector< std::string >::const_iterator
                            FieldIter ;
        std::vector< int > result ;
        FieldIter current = source.begin() ;
        FieldIter const end = source.end() ;
        while ( current != end ) {
            result.push_back( toInt( *current ) ) ;
            ++ current ;
            if ( current != end && *current == "" ) {
                int bottom = result.back() ;
                ++ current ;
                int top = toInt( *current ) ;
                if ( top <= bottom ) {
                    throw someError ;
                }
                while ( ++ bottom <= top ) {
                    result.push_back( bottom ) ;
                }
                ++ current ;
            }
        }
        sort( result.begin(), result.end() ) ;
        // Or you might want to track the last seen to ensure
        // that the input was correctly sorted.
        return result ;
    }

Note that all of the above code supposes the precheck on the
format using regex. Otherwise, you'll need a lot more error
handling and special cases.

--
James Kanze (GABI Software) email:james.kanze@gmail.com
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