Re: What's the advantage of using for_each loop?

From:
James Kanze <james.kanze@gmail.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.c++
Date:
31 May 2007 01:38:47 -0700
Message-ID:
<1180600727.498645.257890@u30g2000hsc.googlegroups.com>
On May 30, 5:02 pm, "Robbie Hatley" <bogus.addr...@no.spam> wrote:

<v.r.mari...@gmail.com> wrote:

The cool thing about for_each is:
1) you can pass the function objects by reference


I don't see how that could work. I thought the function
object is always passed by value?


They are.

I tried passing a function object to a for_each loop once,
where the function object was collecting data about
operations. But that didn't work, because for_each used a
*copy* of the object, rather than the object itself.

I was writing a spelling-checker, just for programming
practice. The for_each loop looked something like:

   Append FuncObj = Append(Dictionary);
   for_each(Dicts.begin(), Dicts.end(), FuncObj);

("Dicts" is a list of file paths, and "Dictionary" is a list
of words.)

But the the counts of files and lines went into the unnamed
*copy* of FuncObj, not FuncObj itself.


The STL requires functional objects to have value semantics, so
you would (generally) write something like:

    Append FuncObj( for_each( Dicts.begin(),
                              Dicts.end(),
                              Append( Dictionary ) ) ) ;

The problem becomes more difficult if you are trying to use a
polymorphic object; you have to give it value semantics which do
not loose the polymorphic behavior, by means of the
letter/envelope idiom, or something similar. (Often, just a
small wrapper around a pointer will do the trick.)

2) you can apply side-effects on the function object


?


The function object can do just about anything which won't
invalidate the iterators. Including modifying program state.

3) you can use the return value of the for_each() algorithm


Hmmm.... Interesting. Perhaps, then, something like the following
would work in my spelling checker (could be used to count files --
or lines -- appended to a list of strings):

   Append FuncObjCopy =
      for_each(Dicts.begin(), Dicts.end(), Append(Dictionary););
   cout << "Files processed = " << FuncObjCopy.files << endl;
   cout << "Lines processed = " << FuncObjCopy.lines << endl;

Not quite as nice as getting for_each to use the original function
object, but almost.


In some contexts (including this one, IMHO), it's even nicer.
In others (i.e. polymorphic agents), it's a real pain you know
where.

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James Kanze (GABI Software) email:james.kanze@gmail.com
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